{"paper":{"title":"Searching for Extragalactic Exoplanetary Systems: the Curious Case of BD+20 2457","arxiv_id":"2104.08306","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2021-04-16T18:31:57+00:00","version_compiled":"v2"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13.0 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v2","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":1.0,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Planets and their host stars carry a long-term memory of their origin in their chemical compositions.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.05,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.04,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":0.98,"id":"s1","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Thus, identifying planets formed in different environments improves our understating of planetary formation.","hedge":{"p":0.97,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.05,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.98,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.02}},{"i":2,"p":0.66,"id":"s2","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Although restricted to detecting exoplanets within the solar vicinity, we might be able to detect planetary systems that formed in small external galaxies and later merged with the Milky Way.","hedge":{"p":0.76,"label":"speculative"},"own_p":0.1,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.36,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.09,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.66,"limitation":0.21,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.03,"interpretation":0.01}},{"i":3,"p":1.0,"id":"s3","own":false,"role":"background","text":"In fact, Gaia data have unequivocally shown that the Galaxy underwent several significant minor mergers during its first billion years of formation.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.05,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.64,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":4,"p":1.0,"id":"s4","own":false,"role":"background","text":"The stellar debris of one of these mergers, Gaia-Enceladus (GE), is thought to have built up most of the stellar halo in the solar neighborhood.","hedge":{"p":0.82,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.05,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.2,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":5,"p":0.9,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"In this Letter, we investigate the origin of known planet-host stars combining data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive with Gaia EDR3 and large-scale spectroscopic surveys.","hedge":{"p":0.96,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.89,"main_claim_p":0.04,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.1,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.9,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":6,"p":0.72,"id":"s6","own":true,"role":"result","text":"We adopt a kinematic criterion and identify 42 stars associated with the Milky Way's thick disk and one halo star.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.95,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.98,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.23,"result":0.72,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.05,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":7,"p":0.99,"id":"s7","own":true,"role":"result","text":"The only halo star identified, BD+20 2457, known to harbor two exoplanets, moves on a retrograde and highly eccentric orbit.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.73,"main_claim_p":0.09,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.75,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.99,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":8,"p":0.99,"id":"s8","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Its chemical abundance pattern situates the star at the border between the thick disk, the old halo, and accreted populations.","hedge":{"p":0.98,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.8,"main_claim_p":0.07,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.2,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.99,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.01}},{"i":9,"p":1.0,"id":"s9","own":true,"role":"interpretation","text":"Given its orbital parameters and chemical properties, we suggest that BD+20 2457 is likely formed in the protodisk of the Galaxy, but we do not exclude the possibility of the star belonging to the debris of GE.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.85,"main_claim_p":0.78,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.11,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":1.0}},{"i":10,"p":0.54,"id":"s10","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Finally, we estimate a minimum age and mass limit for the star, which has implications for its planetary system and will be tested with future Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite observations.","hedge":{"p":0.85,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.93,"main_claim_p":0.08,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.56,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.54,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.4,"contribution":0.04,"interpretation":0.02}}]},"compiled":{"main_claim":{"p":1.0,"text":"Given its orbital parameters and chemical properties, we suggest that BD+20 2457 is likely formed in the protodisk of the Galaxy, but we do not 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