{"paper":{"title":"Quantum bit threads and holographic entanglement","arxiv_id":"2105.08063","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2021-05-17T18:00:00+00:00","version_compiled":"v3"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13.0 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v3","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":0.91,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Quantum corrections to holographic entanglement entropy require knowledge of the bulk quantum state.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.07,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.03,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.09,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.91,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":1.0,"id":"s1","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"In this paper, we derive a novel dual prescription for the generalized entropy that allows us to interpret the leading quantum corrections in a geometric way with minimal input from the bulk state.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.97,"main_claim_p":0.69,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.15,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":1.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":0.99,"id":"s2","own":true,"role":"method","text":"The equivalence is proven using tools borrowed from convex optimization.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.82,"main_claim_p":0.04,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.03,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.99,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.56,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"method","text":"The new prescription does not involve bulk surfaces but instead uses a generalized notion of a flow, which allows for possible sources or sinks in the bulk geometry.","hedge":{"p":0.93,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.91,"main_claim_p":0.13,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.08,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.56,"result":0.01,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.42,"interpretation":0.01}},{"i":4,"p":0.86,"id":"s4","own":true,"role":"interpretation","text":"In its discrete version, our prescription can alternatively be interpreted in terms of a set of Planck-thickness bit threads, which can be either classical or quantum.","hedge":{"p":0.7,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.91,"main_claim_p":0.08,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.22,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.07,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.07,"interpretation":0.86}},{"i":5,"p":1.0,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"interpretation","text":"This interpretation uncovers an aspect of the generalized entropy that admits a neat information-theoretic description, namely, the fact that the quantum corrections can be cast in terms of entanglement distillation of the bulk state.","hedge":{"p":0.97,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.91,"main_claim_p":0.14,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":1.0}},{"i":6,"p":0.55,"id":"s6","own":true,"role":"result","text":"We also prove some general properties of our prescription, including nesting and a quantum version of the max multiflow theorem.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.96,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.55,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.45,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":7,"p":0.43,"id":"s7","own":true,"role":"result","text":"These properties are used to verify that our proposal respects known inequalities that a von Neumann entropy must satisfy, including subadditivity and strong subadditivity, as well as to investigate the fate of the holographic monogamy.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.92,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.12,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.21,"result":0.43,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.34,"interpretation":0.02}},{"i":8,"p":0.58,"id":"s8","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Finally, using the Iyer-Wald formalism we show that for cases with a local modular Hamiltonian there is always a canonical solution to the program that exploits the property of bulk locality.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.94,"main_claim_p":0.08,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.09,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.17,"result":0.58,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.25,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":9,"p":0.86,"id":"s9","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Combining with previous results by Swingle and Van Raamsdonk, we show that the consistency of this special solution requires the semi-classical Einstein's equations to hold for any consistent perturbative bulk quantum state.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.84,"main_claim_p":0.3,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.06,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.86,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.03,"interpretation":0.11}}]},"compiled":{"main_claim":{"p":0.71,"text":"In this paper, we derive a novel dual prescription for the generalized entropy that allows us to interpret the leading quantum corrections in a geometric way with minimal input from the bulk state.","location":"abstract s1","hedge_strength":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"}},"provenance":{"route":{"via":"TypeSafe API","model":"classifier-1.13.0","endpoint":"https://api.typesafe.ai/v1/systemone","provider":"TypeSafe"},"packing":"one request per paper","requests":1,"input_tokens":7681,"cost_usd_reported":0.0},"compiled_at":"2026-09-23","bank_version":"abstract-p1-20260923","model_version":"classifier-1.13.0","abstract_states":{"claims_first":0.18,"states_limitation":0.39,"human_participants":0.01,"controlled_comparison":0.02,"randomized_assignment":0.01,"states_quantitative_result":0.07,"compares_with_prior_results":0.86,"mentions_code_or_data_availability":0.02},"evidential_basis":{"p":1.0,"value":"proof or derivation","probabilities":{"argument":0.0,"literature":0.0,"proof_or_derivation":1.0,"analysis_of_existing_data":0.0,"observation_or_experiment":0.0,"simulation_or_computation":0.0}},"contribution_type":{"p":0.74,"value":"theoretical result","probabilities":{"review":0.0,"method_or_tool":0.26,"empirical_study":0.0,"simulation_study":0.0,"theoretical_result":0.74,"dataset_or_benchmark":0.0,"position_or_commentary":0.0}},"contribution_statement":{"p":1.0,"text":"In this paper, we derive a novel dual prescription for the generalized entropy that allows us to interpret the leading quantum corrections in a geometric way with minimal input from the bulk state.","location":"abstract s1"}},"coverage":{"tier":"abstract","levels_run":["P abstract"],"not_examined":["full text","figures and tables","references and citing sentences","relations to other papers"],"sources_read":["arXiv listing abstract v3"],"levels_not_run":["S sections","T body sentences","C citations","R cross-paper relations"],"sentences_examined":10,"sentences_in_abstract":10},"measured_accuracy":{"url":"https://pith.science/accuracy","measured_on":"2026-10-02","method":"two independent model families labelled a fresh random sample blind; the figure is how often the published label matches their consensus","sentence_role_agreement":0.92,"main_claim_agreement":0.908,"typed_citation_agreement":0.933,"typed_citation_agreement_95_interval":[0.917,0.945],"review_comments_accurate":0.758,"review_comments_accurate_95_interval":[0.684,0.82],"review_caught_admitted_error_found_or_related":0.448}}