{"paper":{"title":"Nowcasting Geoelectric Fields in Ireland using Magnetotelluric Transfer Functions","arxiv_id":"2302.14636","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2023-02-10T12:57:54+00:00","version_compiled":"v1"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13.0 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v1","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":1.0,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) driven by geoelectric fields pose a hazard to ground-based infrastructure, such as power grids and pipelines.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.04,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.03,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":1.0,"id":"s1","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"Here, a new method is presented for modelling geoelectric fields in near real time, with the aim of providing valuable information to help mitigate the impact of GIC.","hedge":{"p":0.97,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.92,"main_claim_p":0.11,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.04,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":1.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":1.0,"id":"s2","own":true,"role":"method","text":"The method uses magnetic field measurements from the Magnetometer Network of Ireland (MagIE; \\url{www.magie.ie}), interpolates the geomagnetic field variations between magnetometers using spherical elementary current systems (SECS), and estimates the local electric field using a high density ($<~40~km$) network of magnetotelluric transfer functions (MT-TF) encompassing the island.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.91,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.97,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":1.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.97,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"method","text":"The model was optimised to work in near real time, with a correction curve applied to the geoelectric field time series.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.92,"main_claim_p":0.07,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.08,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.97,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.03,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":4,"p":1.0,"id":"s4","own":true,"role":"result","text":"This approach was successfully validated with measured electric fields at four sites for a number of geomagnetic storms, providing accurate electric fields up to a 1-minute delay from real time, with high coherence ($0.70 - 0.85$) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR; $3.2 - 6.5$) relative to measured electric field validation time series .This was comparable to a standard non real-time geoelectric field model (coherence$~=~0.80 - 0.89$ and SNR$~=~4.0 - 7.0$).","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.95,"main_claim_p":0.55,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":5,"p":0.93,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"result","text":"The impact of galvanic distortion on the model was also briefly evaluated, with a galvanic distortion correction leading to a more homogeneous representation of the direction of the electric field, at a regional scale.","hedge":{"p":0.97,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.93,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.09,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.01,"result":0.93,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.01,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.04,"interpretation":0.01}}]},"compiled":{"main_claim":{"p":0.99,"text":"This approach was successfully validated with measured electric fields at four sites for a number of geomagnetic storms, providing accurate electric fields up to a 1-minute delay from real time, with high coherence ($0.70 - 0.85$) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR; 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