{"paper":{"title":"A Triple Scenario for the Formation of Wide Black Hole Binaries Such As Gaia BH1","arxiv_id":"2312.03066","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2023-12-05T19:00:03+00:00","version_compiled":"v2"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13.0 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v2","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":1.0,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Recently, several non-interacting black hole-stellar binaries have been identified in Gaia data.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.06,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.09,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":0.99,"id":"s1","own":false,"role":"background","text":"For example, Gaia BH1, where a Sun-like star is in a moderate eccentricity (e=0.44), 185-day orbit around a black hole.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.09,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.98,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.01,"background":0.99,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":0.51,"id":"s2","own":false,"role":"background","text":"This orbit is difficult to explain through binary evolution.","hedge":{"p":0.96,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.14,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.06,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.45,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.51,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.04}},{"i":3,"p":0.55,"id":"s3","own":false,"role":"background","text":"The present-day separation suggests the progenitor system would have undergone an episode of common envelope evolution, but a common envelope should shrink the period below the observed one.","hedge":{"p":0.72,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.16,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.6,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.42,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.55,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.03}},{"i":4,"p":0.9,"id":"s4","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Since the majority of massive stars form in higher multiplicity systems, a triple evolution scenario is more likely for the progenitors of BH binaries.","hedge":{"p":0.98,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.09,"main_claim_p":0.12,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.36,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.05,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.9,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.04}},{"i":5,"p":0.92,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"Here we show that such systems can indeed be more easily explained via evolution in hierarchical triple systems. von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai oscillations or instabilities can delay the onset of the common envelope phase in the inner binary of the triple, so that the black hole progenitor and low-mass star are more widely separated when it begins, leading to the formation of wider binaries.","hedge":{"p":0.95,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.81,"main_claim_p":0.9,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.28,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.04,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.92,"interpretation":0.04}},{"i":6,"p":0.81,"id":"s6","own":false,"role":"result","text":"There are also systems with similar periods but larger eccentricities, where the BH progenitor is a merger product of the inner binary in the triple.","hedge":{"p":0.97,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.41,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.52,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.81,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.1,"interpretation":0.09}},{"i":7,"p":0.76,"id":"s7","own":false,"role":"interpretation","text":"Such mergers lead to a more top-heavy black hole mass function.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.41,"main_claim_p":0.07,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.18,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.24,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.76}}]},"compiled":{"main_claim":{"p":1.0,"text":"Here we show that such systems can indeed be more easily explained via evolution in hierarchical triple systems. von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai oscillations or instabilities can delay the onset of the common envelope phase in the inner binary of the triple, so that the black hole progenitor and low-mass star are more widely separated when it begins, leading to the formation of wider binaries.","location":"abstract s5","hedge_strength":{"p":0.95,"label":"asserted"}},"provenance":{"route":{"via":"TypeSafe API","model":"classifier-1.13.0","endpoint":"https://api.typesafe.ai/v1/systemone","provider":"TypeSafe"},"packing":"one request per paper","requests":1,"input_tokens":6278,"cost_usd_reported":0.0},"compiled_at":"2026-09-23","bank_version":"abstract-p1-20260923","model_version":"classifier-1.13.0","abstract_states":{"claims_first":0.05,"states_limitation":0.09,"human_participants":0.01,"controlled_comparison":0.09,"randomized_assignment":0.01,"states_quantitative_result":0.41,"compares_with_prior_results":0.43,"mentions_code_or_data_availability":0.02},"evidential_basis":{"p":0.82,"value":"argument","probabilities":{"argument":0.82,"literature":0.01,"proof_or_derivation":0.0,"analysis_of_existing_data":0.06,"observation_or_experiment":0.0,"simulation_or_computation":0.11}},"contribution_type":{"p":0.83,"value":"theoretical result","probabilities":{"review":0.0,"method_or_tool":0.0,"empirical_study":0.0,"simulation_study":0.13,"theoretical_result":0.83,"dataset_or_benchmark":0.0,"position_or_commentary":0.04}},"contribution_statement":{"p":1.0,"text":"Here we show that such systems can indeed be more easily explained via evolution in hierarchical triple systems. von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai oscillations or instabilities can delay the onset of the common envelope phase in the inner binary of the triple, so that the black hole progenitor and low-mass star are more widely separated when it begins, leading to the formation of wider binaries.","location":"abstract s5"}},"coverage":{"tier":"abstract","levels_run":["P abstract"],"not_examined":["full text","figures and tables","references and citing sentences","relations to other papers"],"sources_read":["arXiv listing abstract v2"],"levels_not_run":["S sections","T body sentences","C citations","R cross-paper relations"],"sentences_examined":8,"sentences_in_abstract":8},"measured_accuracy":{"url":"https://pith.science/accuracy","measured_on":"2026-10-02","method":"two independent model families labelled a fresh random sample blind; the figure is how often the published label matches their consensus","sentence_role_agreement":0.92,"main_claim_agreement":0.908,"typed_citation_agreement":0.933,"typed_citation_agreement_95_interval":[0.917,0.945],"review_comments_accurate":0.758,"review_comments_accurate_95_interval":[0.684,0.82],"review_caught_admitted_error_found_or_related":0.448}}