{"paper":{"title":"Cosmic strings and domain walls: the impact of CMB $B$-mode data","arxiv_id":"2602.20050","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2026-02-23T17:00:25+00:00","version_compiled":"v3"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13.0 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v3","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":0.89,"id":"s0","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"We analyse CMB constraints on stable networks of cosmic strings and domain walls using for the first time full Planck 2018 data together with BICEP/Keck 2018 $B$-mode measurements.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.96,"main_claim_p":0.05,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.33,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.11,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.89,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":1.0,"id":"s1","own":true,"role":"method","text":"The defect-induced anisotropies are computed using the Unconnected Segment Model for Nambu-Goto and Abelian-Higgs strings, as well as for stable domain walls, and included in a full Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis jointly varying all $\\Lambda$CDM parameters, the tensor-to-scalar ratio, and the string/domain wall tension.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.94,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.1,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":1.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":1.0,"id":"s2","own":true,"role":"result","text":"No statistically significant evidence for defects is found, although we observe a mild preference for non-zero cosmic string tension.","hedge":{"p":0.98,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.97,"main_claim_p":0.8,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.26,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.55,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Our results improve previous constraints on the cosmic string power spectrum and correct previous CMB analyses with domain walls that overestimated the constraints.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.93,"main_claim_p":0.12,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.63,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.55,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.23,"interpretation":0.22}},{"i":4,"p":0.77,"id":"s4","own":true,"role":"interpretation","text":"In the particular case of strings, the improvement is driven by the $B$-mode data, and is especially pronounced for Abelian-Higgs strings.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.92,"main_claim_p":0.07,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.34,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.23,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.77}},{"i":5,"p":0.41,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"result","text":"We also present forecasts for the Simons Observatory and the LiteBIRD satellite: the former will improve string tension constraints by about a factor of three, while the latter those on the domain wall tension by about a factor of five.","hedge":{"p":0.81,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.86,"main_claim_p":0.05,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.41,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.32,"contribution":0.26,"interpretation":0.01}},{"i":6,"p":0.99,"id":"s6","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"Finally, we assess the impact of Nambu-Goto string loops on CMB anisotropies in light of both current and future observations.","hedge":{"p":0.65,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.86,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.06,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.01,"contribution":0.99,"interpretation":0.0}}]},"compiled":{"main_claim":{"p":0.99,"text":"No statistically significant evidence for defects is found, although we observe a mild preference for non-zero cosmic string 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