{"paper":{"title":"AI Psychosis: Does Conversational AI Amplify Delusion-Related Language?","arxiv_id":"2603.19574","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2026-03-20T02:35:14+00:00","version_compiled":"v2"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13.0 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v2","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":1.0,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Conversational AI systems are increasingly used for personal reflection and emotional disclosure, raising concerns about their effects on vulnerable users.","hedge":{"p":0.94,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.03,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.06,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":1.0,"id":"s1","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Recent anecdotal reports suggest that prolonged interactions with AI may reinforce delusional thinking---a phenomenon sometimes described as AI Psychosis.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.03,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.06,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":1.0,"id":"s2","own":false,"role":"gap","text":"However, empirical evidence on this phenomenon remains limited.","hedge":{"p":0.98,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.04,"main_claim_p":0.01,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.09,"role_probabilities":{"gap":1.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.99,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"In this work, we examine how delusion-related language evolves during multi-turn interactions with conversational AI.","hedge":{"p":0.67,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.83,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.03,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.01,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.99,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":4,"p":0.99,"id":"s4","own":true,"role":"method","text":"We construct simulated users (SimUsers) from Reddit users' longitudinal posting histories and generate extended conversations with three model families (GPT, LLaMA, and Qwen).","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.96,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.59,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.99,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":5,"p":0.95,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"method","text":"We develop DelusionScore, a linguistic measure that quantifies the intensity of delusion-related language across conversational turns.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.97,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.04,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.95,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.05,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":6,"p":1.0,"id":"s6","own":true,"role":"result","text":"We find that SimUsers derived from users with prior delusion-related discourse (Treatment) exhibit progressively increasing DelusionScore trajectories, whereas those derived from users without such discourse (Control) remain stable or decline.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.97,"main_claim_p":0.39,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.84,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":7,"p":1.0,"id":"s7","own":true,"role":"result","text":"We further find that this amplification varies across themes, with reality skepticism and compulsive reasoning showing the strongest increases.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.97,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.84,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":8,"p":0.99,"id":"s8","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Finally, conditioning AI responses on current DelusionScore substantially reduces these trajectories.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.95,"main_claim_p":0.1,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.24,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.99,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":9,"p":1.0,"id":"s9","own":true,"role":"interpretation","text":"These findings provide empirical evidence that conversational AI interactions can amplify delusion-related language over extended use and highlight the importance of state-aware 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