{"paper":{"title":"Statistical imprints of wave-like dark matter on multiply-imaged galaxies in strong cluster lenses from JWST","arxiv_id":"2605.30649","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2026-05-28T23:07:09+00:00","version_compiled":"v1"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13.0 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v1","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":1.0,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Wave-like dark matter ($\\psi$DM) is an elusive dark matter (DM) candidate.","hedge":{"p":0.96,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.03,"main_claim_p":0.01,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.03,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":1.0,"id":"s1","own":false,"role":"background","text":"The model, often also called fuzzy or ultralight DM, proposes that DM is an extremely light ($m\\sim10^{-22}$ eV) boson and thereby has a kpc-scale de Broglie wavelength.","hedge":{"p":0.98,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.04,"main_claim_p":0.01,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.97,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":1.0,"id":"s2","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Hence, interference of DM gives rise to sub-galactic density fluctuations that can be studied with strong gravitational lensing.","hedge":{"p":0.57,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.06,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.06,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.58,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"In this paper, we use the residual power spectrum, $\\mathrm{P}_{\\delta}(k)$, as a probe of $\\psi$DM, which quantifies deviations from smooth lensing predictions, measured from multiply-imaged galaxies in strong cluster lenses.","hedge":{"p":0.98,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.85,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.06,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.42,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.58,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":4,"p":0.36,"id":"s4","own":false,"role":"method","text":"The key idea is that imprinted in these deviations are lensing distortions from DM substructure, which can be harnessed statistically to distinguish among DM theories.","hedge":{"p":0.87,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.19,"main_claim_p":0.07,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.36,"result":0.0,"background":0.07,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.32,"interpretation":0.25}},{"i":5,"p":0.98,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"method","text":"We simulate JWST-quality mock observations of strong gravitational lensing in galaxy clusters, modeling line-of-sight DM substructure within $\\psi$DM and the standard cold dark matter (CDM) paradigms.","hedge":{"p":0.98,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.95,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.11,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.98,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.02,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":6,"p":1.0,"id":"s6","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Using mock deep observations ($\\sim$ 20 hours), we find that $\\mathrm{P}_{\\delta}(k)$ is sensitive to both $\\psi$DM particle mass and fluctuation amplitude, and can distinguish $\\psi$DM fluctuations from CDM subhalos.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.97,"main_claim_p":0.36,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.93,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":7,"p":0.9,"id":"s7","own":true,"role":"method","text":"We demonstrate that $\\mathrm{P}_{\\delta}(k)$ can be measured directly from data by modeling the smooth lensing with a local Curved Arc Basis formalism.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.91,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.04,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.9,"result":0.03,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.07,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":8,"p":0.92,"id":"s8","own":true,"role":"result","text":"With realistic modeling systematics, we find a statistically significant separation between $\\psi$DM and CDM across $1 \\lesssim k \\lesssim 11\\,\\mathrm{kpc}^{-1}$ -- offering an independent probe of the wave-like nature of DM complementary to existing constraints.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.95,"main_claim_p":0.86,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.98,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.92,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.08}}]},"compiled":{"main_claim":{"p":0.99,"text":"With realistic modeling systematics, we find a statistically significant separation between $\\psi$DM and CDM across $1 \\lesssim k \\lesssim 11\\,\\mathrm{kpc}^{-1}$ -- offering an independent probe of the wave-like nature of DM complementary to existing constraints.","location":"abstract s8","hedge_strength":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"}},"provenance":{"route":{"via":"TypeSafe API","model":"classifier-1.13.0","endpoint":"https://api.typesafe.ai/v1/systemone","provider":"TypeSafe"},"packing":"one request per 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