{"paper":{"title":"Energy Extraction via Magnetic Reconnection from Rotating ModMax Black Holes","arxiv_id":"2608.15132","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2026-08-15T09:09:46+00:00","version_compiled":"v1"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13.0 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v1","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":1.0,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Magnetic reconnection has been widely recognized as an important mechanism for extracting energy from rapidly rotating black holes.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.04,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":0.98,"id":"s1","own":true,"role":"result","text":"We find that magnetic reconnection can also efficiently extract energy from slowly rotating ModMax black holes.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.95,"main_claim_p":0.56,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.23,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.98,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.02,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":0.99,"id":"s2","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"In this paper, we investigate the magnetic reconnection process of ModMax black holes in both circular and plunging orbits.","hedge":{"p":0.89,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.84,"main_claim_p":0.04,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.01,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.99,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.63,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"method","text":"First, we analyze the fundamental characteristic quantities of the ModMax black hole, including the event horizon, ergosphere radius, and circular photon orbits.","hedge":{"p":0.88,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.85,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.04,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.63,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.37,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":4,"p":0.99,"id":"s4","own":true,"role":"result","text":"The results indicate that the charge parameter $Q$ and screening factor $\\gamma$ exhibit a competing effect on the fundamental characteristic quantities of the ModMax black hole.","hedge":{"p":0.57,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.83,"main_claim_p":0.04,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.4,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.99,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.01}},{"i":5,"p":1.0,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Furthermore, for the extremal ModMax black hole, a larger $Q$ and a smaller $\\gamma$ lower the minimum allowed spin parameter $a$.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.87,"main_claim_p":0.07,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.89,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":6,"p":0.6,"id":"s6","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"Subsequently, we analyze the parameter space $(r,a)$ for energy extraction in circular and plunging orbits.","hedge":{"p":0.55,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.92,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.04,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.4,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.6,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":7,"p":1.0,"id":"s7","own":true,"role":"result","text":"A larger $Q$ and a smaller $\\gamma$ reduce the region for energy extraction and decrease the minimum spin parameter $a$ required for energy extraction.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.93,"main_claim_p":0.16,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.88,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":8,"p":1.0,"id":"s8","own":true,"role":"result","text":"For circular orbits, the minimum allowed spin parameter is $a\\simeq 0.50071$, while for plunging orbits, this threshold further decreases to $a\\simeq0.22407$.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.93,"main_claim_p":0.15,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":9,"p":0.98,"id":"s9","own":true,"role":"interpretation","text":"This proves that energy extraction from lower spin ModMax black holes is theoretically feasible.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.86,"main_claim_p":0.39,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.18,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.02,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.98}},{"i":10,"p":0.69,"id":"s10","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"Finally, we compare the energy extraction region, power, and efficiency between circular and plunging orbits.","hedge":{"p":0.56,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.85,"main_claim_p":0.05,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.37,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.3,"result":0.01,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.69,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":11,"p":0.51,"id":"s11","own":true,"role":"result","text":"It is found that these quantities in plunging orbits are always higher than those in circular orbits, indicating that energy extraction from plunging orbits via magnetic reconnection may be more 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