{"paper":{"title":"AI Can Be Easily Persuaded in Clinical Decision Making","arxiv_id":"2608.29453","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-08-29T22:13:04+00:00","version_compiled":"v1"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13.0 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v1","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":1.0,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"background","text":"As AI becomes increasingly integrated into clinical practice, it is playing a growing role in medical decision making.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.04,"main_claim_p":0.01,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.08,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":1.0,"id":"s1","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Medicine, however, is a high stakes and evidence based field, where decisions can directly affect patients' lives.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.03,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.04,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":0.55,"id":"s2","own":false,"role":"gap","text":"It is therefore important to understand whether AI can maintain objective judgment when others try to persuade it.","hedge":{"p":0.77,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.04,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.03,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.55,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.45,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.92,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"In this paper, we study how easily AI can be persuaded through controlled experiments.","hedge":{"p":0.89,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.85,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.03,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.08,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.92,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":4,"p":1.0,"id":"s4","own":true,"role":"result","text":"We find that professional authority, national background, institutional affiliation, claimed past performance, multiple physicians, supported clinician views, and repeated pressure can all affect AI decisions.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.95,"main_claim_p":0.34,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.06,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":5,"p":1.0,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Surprisingly, the same persuasive input changes about 10% more cases when it comes from a senior clinician than from a medical student.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.96,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":6,"p":1.0,"id":"s6","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Simply claiming a better performance history consistently makes the physician more persuasive.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.93,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.46,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":7,"p":1.0,"id":"s7","own":true,"role":"result","text":"More strikingly, a plausible clinician view can persuade AI away from a correct decision even when it is fabricated to support an incorrect answer.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.93,"main_claim_p":0.14,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.16,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":8,"p":1.0,"id":"s8","own":true,"role":"interpretation","text":"This indicates that AI can be strongly influenced by convincing support without reliably determining whether this view from the clinician is correct.","hedge":{"p":0.94,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.88,"main_claim_p":0.2,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.08,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":1.0}},{"i":9,"p":0.93,"id":"s9","own":true,"role":"interpretation","text":"Together, these findings suggest that AI can be easily persuaded by what people say, who says it, and how the opinion is presented.","hedge":{"p":0.83,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.87,"main_claim_p":0.87,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.07,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.93}},{"i":10,"p":0.54,"id":"s10","own":false,"role":"future_work","text":"Therefore, it is essential for AI to maintain sound judgment under persuasion, enabling its safe and reliable use in high stakes medical decision making.","hedge":{"p":0.98,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.05,"main_claim_p":0.19,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.03,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.54,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.46}}]},"compiled":{"main_claim":{"p":1.0,"text":"Together, these findings suggest that AI can be easily persuaded by what people say, who says it, and how the opinion is presented.","location":"abstract 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