{"paper":{"title":"The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: Early dark energy and Hubble constant from the cluster mass function","arxiv_id":"2609.07834","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2026-09-07T18:00:10+00:00","version_compiled":"v1"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13.0 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v1","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":1.0,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"background","text":"The evolution of the mass function of massive galaxy clusters is a well-established probe of cosmology.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.03,"main_claim_p":0.01,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.04,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":0.92,"id":"s1","own":true,"role":"method","text":"Using the eROSITA X-ray instrument on board the Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG) mission, the western Galactic hemisphere of eROSITA's first All-Sky Survey (eRASS1) delivers a uniformly selected and securely confirmed sample of 5259 galaxy clusters spanning $0.1 < z < 0.8$.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.89,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.92,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.08,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":0.88,"id":"s2","own":true,"role":"method","text":"When combined with overlapping weak lensing data from DES Year 3, KiDS, and HSC for mass calibration, this dataset enables precise tests of the standard $\\Lambda$CDM framework and beyond.","hedge":{"p":0.94,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.53,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.49,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.88,"result":0.0,"background":0.02,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.1,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.67,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"In this work, we use the $0.1 < z < 0.45$ subsample of the eRASS1 cluster catalog to place constraints on an axion-like Early Dark Energy (EDE) scenario.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.96,"main_claim_p":0.05,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.73,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.33,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.67,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":4,"p":1.0,"id":"s4","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Such models have been proposed as a possible mechanism to alleviate the tension between early- and late-Universe measurements of the Hubble constant.","hedge":{"p":0.92,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.04,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.16,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":5,"p":0.99,"id":"s5","own":false,"role":"background","text":"In this framework, a scalar field temporarily enhances the cosmic expansion rate around the epoch of recombination before rapidly diluting at later times, leaving distinct imprints on structure growth.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.05,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.01,"result":0.0,"background":0.99,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":6,"p":0.99,"id":"s6","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"We leverage these signatures to present the first constraints on EDE derived from galaxy cluster number counts.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.95,"main_claim_p":0.13,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.08,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.01,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.99,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":7,"p":1.0,"id":"s7","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Using eRASS1 number counts alone, we obtain an upper limit on the maximum EDE fraction of $f_{\\rm EDE} < 0.3$, consistent with primary CMB analyses.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.97,"main_claim_p":0.13,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":8,"p":0.94,"id":"s8","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Combining our cluster analysis with primary CMB measurements, baryon acoustic oscillations, and CMB lensing, while notably excluding distance-ladder calibration data, yields results consistent with a nonzero EDE contribution and $H_0$ values compatible with late-Universe measurements.","hedge":{"p":0.81,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.93,"main_claim_p":0.27,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.4,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.03,"result":0.94,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.02}},{"i":9,"p":1.0,"id":"s9","own":true,"role":"result","text":"The most significant detection, at $\\sim 3.2\\sigma$, arises from the joint analysis of the eRASS1 sample with the full set of external datasets, yielding $f_{\\rm EDE} = 0.10^{+0.04}_{-0.03}$ and $H_0 = 71.4 \\pm 1.4$ km/s/Mpc. [ABRIDGED]","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.96,"main_claim_p":0.8,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}}]},"compiled":{"main_claim":{"p":0.92,"text":"The most significant detection, at $\\sim 3.2\\sigma$, arises from the joint analysis of the eRASS1 sample with the full set of external datasets, yielding $f_{\\rm EDE} = 0.10^{+0.04}_{-0.03}$ and $H_0 = 71.4 \\pm 1.4$ km/s/Mpc. [ABRIDGED]","location":"abstract s9","hedge_strength":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"}},"provenance":{"route":{"via":"TypeSafe API","model":"classifier-1.13.0","endpoint":"https://api.typesafe.ai/v1/systemone","provider":"TypeSafe"},"packing":"one request per paper","requests":1,"input_tokens":8030,"cost_usd_reported":0.0},"compiled_at":"2026-09-23","bank_version":"abstract-p1-20260923","model_version":"classifier-1.13.0","abstract_states":{"claims_first":0.91,"states_limitation":0.71,"human_participants":0.02,"controlled_comparison":0.15,"randomized_assignment":0.01,"states_quantitative_result":0.99,"compares_with_prior_results":0.93,"mentions_code_or_data_availability":0.03},"evidential_basis":{"p":0.73,"value":"analysis of existing data","probabilities":{"argument":0.0,"literature":0.0,"proof_or_derivation":0.0,"analysis_of_existing_data":0.73,"observation_or_experiment":0.27,"simulation_or_computation":0.0}},"contribution_type":{"p":0.99,"value":"empirical study","probabilities":{"review":0.0,"method_or_tool":0.0,"empirical_study":0.99,"simulation_study":0.0,"theoretical_result":0.0,"dataset_or_benchmark":0.01,"position_or_commentary":0.0}},"contribution_statement":{"p":0.99,"text":"We leverage these signatures to present the first constraints on EDE derived from galaxy cluster number counts.","location":"abstract s6"}},"coverage":{"tier":"abstract","levels_run":["P abstract"],"not_examined":["full text","figures and tables","references and citing sentences","relations to other papers"],"sources_read":["arXiv listing abstract v1"],"levels_not_run":["S sections","T body sentences","C citations","R cross-paper relations"],"sentences_examined":10,"sentences_in_abstract":10},"measured_accuracy":{"url":"https://pith.science/accuracy","measured_on":"2026-10-02","method":"two independent model families labelled a fresh random sample blind; the figure is how often the published label matches their consensus","sentence_role_agreement":0.92,"main_claim_agreement":0.908,"typed_citation_agreement":0.933,"typed_citation_agreement_95_interval":[0.917,0.945],"review_comments_accurate":0.758,"review_comments_accurate_95_interval":[0.684,0.82],"review_caught_admitted_error_found_or_related":0.448}}