{"paper":{"title":"Tidal Excitation of Relativistic Stars","arxiv_id":"2610.18475","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2026-10-13T14:38:11+00:00","version_compiled":"v1"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13.0 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v1","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":0.99,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"gap","text":"How a relativistic star responds to a time-dependent tide has lacked a first-principles counterpart of the Newtonian normal-mode expansion.","hedge":{"p":0.98,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.04,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.15,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.99,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.01,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":0.85,"id":"s1","own":false,"role":"background","text":"In general relativity, the tidal field is gauge sensitive, radiative modes are non-Hermitian and incomplete, and the direct and late-time responses are intrinsically nonmodal.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.1,"main_claim_p":0.04,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.15,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.85,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":1.0,"id":"s2","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"In this work we present, to our knowledge, the first causal relativistic theory that treats all of these components on equal footing.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.93,"main_claim_p":0.4,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.24,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":1.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.74,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"method","text":"We first develop the spectral decomposition of the retarded Green function of the matched stellar interior--Schwarzschild exterior, which classifies four separate regimes in time domain: acausal region, prompt wave, surface-reflected wave, and mode+tail.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.95,"main_claim_p":0.09,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.75,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.74,"result":0.02,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.24,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":4,"p":0.84,"id":"s4","own":true,"role":"result","text":"The prompt signal is identical to that of a Schwarzschild black hole with the same mass, which is combined with the surface-reflected wave to be referred as the \"direct part\".","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.82,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.56,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.08,"result":0.84,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.04,"interpretation":0.04}},{"i":5,"p":0.71,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"method","text":"With the Green function and a complex bilinear form on the full metric--fluid phase space, we decompose the linear response of a nonrotating perfect-fluid star into direct, quasinormal-mode, and late-time-tail sectors.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.95,"main_claim_p":0.16,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.1,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.71,"result":0.06,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.23,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":6,"p":0.71,"id":"s6","own":true,"role":"method","text":"Crucially, every sector admits an explicit first-order driven evolution equation: discrete bilinear projections determine the dynamically evolving quasinormal-mode amplitudes, while continuum projections of the same tidal source onto branch-cut states determine the direct and tail amplitudes.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.93,"main_claim_p":0.34,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.11,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.71,"result":0.13,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.13,"interpretation":0.03}},{"i":7,"p":0.64,"id":"s7","own":true,"role":"interpretation","text":"The result is a complete modal--nonmodal decomposition of the spacetime and fluid perturbations, which is physically described by the dynamics of a discrete and a continuous-frequency set of oscillators.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.92,"main_claim_p":0.42,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.08,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.35,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.64}},{"i":8,"p":0.52,"id":"s8","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"We verify the decomposition numerically under generic time-dependent tidal driving and discuss applications 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