{"paper":{"title":"Binary-lens amplification of starlight: from magnification flares to quasi-periodic tracking of orbital evolution","arxiv_id":"2610.20557","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2026-10-14T17:46:06+00:00","version_compiled":"v1"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13.0 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. 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gravity.","hedge":{"p":0.97,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.04,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.03,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":1.0,"id":"s2","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Many methods have been proposed to identify sub-parsec SMBHBs via the detection of gravitational waves or the modulation of the emission from the surrounding gaseous environment.","hedge":{"p":0.98,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.04,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.06,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.52,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"In a previous study, we proposed a new method of identifying SMBHBs in non-active galactic nuclei via gravitational lensing.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.8,"main_claim_p":0.04,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.04,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.01,"method":0.01,"result":0.0,"background":0.46,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.52,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":4,"p":0.53,"id":"s4","own":false,"role":"background","text":"The caustics, i.e. the source positions with a divergent magnification, exhibit a complex extended geometry which rotates with the binary period.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.29,"main_claim_p":0.05,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.22,"result":0.14,"background":0.53,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.1,"interpretation":0.01}},{"i":5,"p":0.6,"id":"s5","own":false,"role":"result","text":"Each caustic-crossing produces an extreme magnification by up to a factor of $10^{6}$.","hedge":{"p":0.94,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.25,"main_claim_p":0.05,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.03,"result":0.6,"background":0.34,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.03,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":6,"p":1.0,"id":"s6","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"In this work, we generalize the previous study and describe the rich phenomenology of binary-lens amplification of starlight (BLAST).","hedge":{"p":0.96,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.9,"main_claim_p":0.09,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.04,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":1.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":7,"p":0.68,"id":"s7","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"We explore the electromagnetic transients produced when accounting for the relative proper motion of the source, either a single or a binary star, the eccentricity and precession of the SMBHB, and the relative inclination.","hedge":{"p":0.9,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.85,"main_claim_p":0.09,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.32,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.68,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":8,"p":0.99,"id":"s8","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Systems where a star rapidly drifts across the caustic produce a single- or double-peaked flare.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.7,"main_claim_p":0.08,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.44,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.99,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":9,"p":0.96,"id":"s9","own":true,"role":"result","text":"In the opposite limit, a star with no relative proper motion produces quasi-periodic lensed starlight (QPLS), i.e., repeated peaks that track the system's orbital evolution.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.59,"main_claim_p":0.22,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.19,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.96,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.04,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":10,"p":0.66,"id":"s10","own":true,"role":"method","text":"We determine the expected magnification and peak duration in different circumstances, and calculate the magnification curves and their Fourier transforms.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.95,"main_claim_p":0.1,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.66,"result":0.05,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.29,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":11,"p":0.5,"id":"s11","own":false,"role":"interpretation","text":"This study may help construct search pipelines to identify SMBHBs in electromagnetic time-domain 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