{"paper":{"title":"CompAIssionate Other: Identity Assumptions in LLM Responses to Distress","arxiv_id":"2611.10808","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2026-11-07T15:39:42+00:00","version_compiled":"v1"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13.0 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v1","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":1.0,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Individuals experiencing suicidal ideation (SI) or psychological distress may disclose their social identities when seeking support from LLMs.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.08,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.03,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":1.0,"id":"s1","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Attending to identity-related stressors can be important for providing contextually appropriate and empathetic support.","hedge":{"p":0.51,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.05,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.03,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":0.92,"id":"s2","own":false,"role":"background","text":"However, disclosing an identity does not necessarily mean that it is a cause of distress.","hedge":{"p":0.78,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.05,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.08,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.92,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":1.0,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"In this work, we audit how LLMs interpret distress through disclosed identities.","hedge":{"p":0.87,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.9,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.03,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":1.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":4,"p":1.0,"id":"s4","own":true,"role":"method","text":"Using paired counterfactual interventions, we evaluate six LLMs across two SI and distress datasets, 16 identity and control conditions, and two prompting protocols.","hedge":{"p":0.98,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.95,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.97,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":1.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":5,"p":1.0,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Our findings suggest that models can transform identity disclosures into explanatory narratives, attributing distress to presumed identity-related adversity.","hedge":{"p":0.98,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.94,"main_claim_p":0.67,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":6,"p":0.98,"id":"s6","own":true,"role":"result","text":"These assumptions frequently appear within otherwise empathetic responses, particularly when marginalized identities are disclosed.","hedge":{"p":0.87,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.88,"main_claim_p":0.16,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.1,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.98,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.02}},{"i":7,"p":1.0,"id":"s7","own":true,"role":"interpretation","text":"We contextualize our findings through the lens of compassionate othering to characterize these patterns as a form of harm in which empathetic responses impose identity-linked assumptions on individual suffering.","hedge":{"p":0.97,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.55,"main_claim_p":0.48,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.03,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":1.0}},{"i":8,"p":0.88,"id":"s8","own":true,"role":"interpretation","text":"These responses can misrepresent individuals' experiences by treating their identities as explanations for distress without supporting evidence.","hedge":{"p":0.56,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.62,"main_claim_p":0.2,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.04,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.12,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.88}},{"i":9,"p":0.95,"id":"s9","own":false,"role":"future_work","text":"Our findings highlight the need to mitigate these harms by grounding interpretations of distress in individuals' disclosures and avoiding 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