{"paper":{"title":"The 21 centimeter emission from the reionization epoch: extended and point source foregrounds","arxiv_id":"astro-ph/0402322","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-02-13T00:58:12+00:00","version_compiled":"v2"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13.0 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. 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sources.","hedge":{"p":0.51,"label":"unclear"},"own_p":0.69,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.03,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.13,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.87,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":0.98,"id":"s2","own":true,"role":"method","text":"We use cosmological simulations to predict the angular correlation functions of intensity fluctuations due to unresolved radio galaxies, cluster radio halos and relics and free-free emission from the interstellar and intergalactic medium at the frequencies and angular scales relevant for the proposed 21cm tomography.","hedge":{"p":0.96,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.94,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.07,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.98,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.02,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.93,"id":"s3","own":false,"role":"result","text":"In accord with previous findings, the brightness temperature fluctuations due to foreground sources are much larger than those from the primary 21cm signal at all scales.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.32,"main_claim_p":0.09,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.97,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.93,"background":0.07,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":4,"p":0.97,"id":"s4","own":true,"role":"result","text":"In particular, diffuse cluster radio emission, which has been previously neglected, provides the most significant foreground contamination.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.69,"main_claim_p":0.14,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.63,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.03,"method":0.0,"result":0.97,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":5,"p":0.99,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"result","text":"However, we show that the contribution to the angular fluctuations at scales \\theta > 1' is dominated by the spatial clustering of bright foreground sources.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.89,"main_claim_p":0.18,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.95,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.99,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.01}},{"i":6,"p":0.62,"id":"s6","own":true,"role":"result","text":"This excess can be removed if sources above flux levels S > 0.1 mJy are detected and removed.","hedge":{"p":0.51,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.83,"main_claim_p":0.14,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.11,"result":0.62,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.01,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.25}},{"i":7,"p":0.85,"id":"s7","own":true,"role":"interpretation","text":"Hence, efficient source removal may be sufficient to allow the detection of angular fluctuations in the 21cm emission free of extragalactic foregrounds at \\theta > 1 arcmin.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.85,"main_claim_p":0.66,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.89,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.15,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.85}},{"i":8,"p":0.95,"id":"s8","own":true,"role":"result","text":"In addition, the removal of sources above S=0.1 mJy also reduces the foreground fluctuations to roughly the same level as the 21cm signal at scales \\theta < 1 arcmin.","hedge":{"p":0.53,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.88,"main_claim_p":0.15,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.95,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.05}},{"i":9,"p":0.98,"id":"s9","own":false,"role":"interpretation","text":"This should allow the substraction of the foreground components in frequency space, making it 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