{"paper":{"title":"Superconductors are topologically ordered","arxiv_id":"cond-mat/0404327","primary_cat":"cond-mat.supr-con","submitted_at":"2004-04-14T13:38:29+00:00","version_compiled":"v1"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13-20260917 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v1","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":0.95,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"background","text":"We revisit a venerable question: what is the nature of the ordering in a superconductor?","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"unclear"},"own_p":0.16,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.02,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.03,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.95,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.02,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":0.95,"id":"s1","own":true,"role":"result","text":"We find that the answer is properly that the superconducting state exhibits topological order in the sense of Wen, i.e. that while it lacks a local order parameter, it is sensitive to the global topology of the underlying manifold and exhibits an associated fractionalization of quantum numbers.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.92,"main_claim_p":0.94,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.95,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.04}},{"i":2,"p":0.66,"id":"s2","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"We show that this perspective unifies a number of previous observations on superconductors and their low lying excitations and that this complex can be elegantly summarized in a purely topological action of the ``$BF$'' type and its elementary quantization.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.91,"main_claim_p":0.19,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.11,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.02,"result":0.28,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.66,"interpretation":0.04}},{"i":3,"p":0.96,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"result","text":"On manifolds with boundaries, the $BF$ action correctly predicts non-chiral edge states, gapped in general, but crucial for fractionalization and establishing the ground state degeneracy.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.78,"main_claim_p":0.05,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.12,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.96,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.03}},{"i":4,"p":0.76,"id":"s4","own":false,"role":"interpretation","text":"In all of this the role of the physical electromagnetic fields is central.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.27,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.02,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.21,"background":0.01,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.02,"interpretation":0.76}},{"i":5,"p":0.64,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"result","text":"We also observe that the $BF$ action describes the topological order in several other physically distinct systems thus providing an example of topological universality.","hedge":{"p":0.94,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.81,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.11,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.64,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.03,"interpretation":0.33}}]},"compiled":{"main_claim":{"p":1.0,"text":"We find that the answer is properly that the superconducting state exhibits topological order in the sense of Wen, i.e. that while it lacks a local order parameter, it is sensitive to the global topology of the underlying manifold and exhibits an associated fractionalization of quantum numbers.","location":"abstract s1","hedge_strength":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"}},"provenance":{"route":{"via":"OpenRouter","model":"classifier-1.13","endpoint":"https://openrouter.ai/api/v1/systemone","provider":"TypeSafe"},"packing":"one request per paper","requests":1,"input_tokens":5054,"cost_usd_reported":0.000212},"compiled_at":"2026-09-23","bank_version":"abstract-p1-20260923","model_version":"classifier-1.13-20260917","abstract_states":{"claims_first":0.05,"states_limitation":0.18,"human_participants":0.02,"controlled_comparison":0.02,"randomized_assignment":0.01,"states_quantitative_result":0.04,"compares_with_prior_results":0.72,"mentions_code_or_data_availability":0.01},"evidential_basis":{"p":0.78,"value":"proof or derivation","probabilities":{"argument":0.22,"literature":0.0,"proof_or_derivation":0.78,"analysis_of_existing_data":0.0,"observation_or_experiment":0.0,"simulation_or_computation":0.0}},"contribution_type":{"p":0.97,"value":"theoretical result","probabilities":{"review":0.0,"method_or_tool":0.0,"empirical_study":0.0,"simulation_study":0.0,"theoretical_result":0.97,"dataset_or_benchmark":0.0,"position_or_commentary":0.03}},"contribution_statement":{"p":0.52,"text":"We show that this perspective unifies a number of previous observations on superconductors and their low lying excitations and that this complex can be elegantly summarized in a purely topological action of the ``$BF$'' type and its elementary quantization.","location":"abstract s2"}},"coverage":{"tier":"abstract","levels_run":["P abstract"],"not_examined":["full text","figures and tables","references and citing sentences","relations to other papers"],"sources_read":["arXiv listing abstract v1"],"levels_not_run":["S sections","T body sentences","C citations","R cross-paper relations"],"sentences_examined":6,"sentences_in_abstract":6},"measured_accuracy":{"url":"https://pith.science/accuracy","measured_on":"2026-10-02","method":"two independent model families labelled a fresh random sample blind; the figure is how often the published label matches their consensus","sentence_role_agreement":0.92,"main_claim_agreement":0.908,"typed_citation_agreement":0.933,"typed_citation_agreement_95_interval":[0.917,0.945],"review_comments_accurate":0.758,"review_comments_accurate_95_interval":[0.684,0.82],"review_caught_admitted_error_found_or_related":0.448,"review_comments_judged":{"judged_by":["gpt-5.6-luna","grok-4.7"],"judged_against":"Pith's own text copy of each paper: text extracted from the PDF, the first 90,000 characters","measured_on":"2026-10-04","accurate":113,"decided":149,"sampled_reviews":200,"split_by_lane":false,"by_lane":"https://pith.science/accuracy#by-lane"}}}