{"paper":{"title":"Proton number fluctuation as a signal of the QCD critical end-point","arxiv_id":"hep-ph/0302002","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2003-02-02T21:46:43+00:00","version_compiled":"v2"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13-20260917 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v2","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":0.9,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"contribution","text":"We argue that the event-by-event fluctuation of the proton number is a meaningful and promising observable for the purpose of detecting the QCD critical end-point in heavy-ion collision experiments.","hedge":{"p":0.73,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.3,"main_claim_p":0.89,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.01,"background":0.01,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.9,"interpretation":0.08}},{"i":1,"p":0.56,"id":"s1","own":false,"role":"interpretation","text":"The long range fluctuation of the order parameter induces a characteristic correlation between protons which can be measured.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.21,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.08,"result":0.05,"background":0.16,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.15,"interpretation":0.56}},{"i":2,"p":0.71,"id":"s2","own":false,"role":"interpretation","text":"The proton fluctuation also manifests itself as anomalous enhancement of charge fluctuations near the end-point, which might be already seen in existing data.","hedge":{"p":0.8,"label":"speculative"},"own_p":0.16,"main_claim_p":0.11,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.14,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.27,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.02,"interpretation":0.71}}]},"compiled":{"main_claim":{"p":1.0,"text":"We argue that the event-by-event fluctuation of the proton number is a meaningful and promising observable for the purpose of detecting the QCD critical end-point in heavy-ion collision experiments.","location":"abstract s0","hedge_strength":{"p":0.73,"label":"asserted"}},"provenance":{"route":{"via":"OpenRouter","model":"classifier-1.13","endpoint":"https://openrouter.ai/api/v1/systemone","provider":"TypeSafe"},"packing":"one request per paper","requests":1,"input_tokens":2936,"cost_usd_reported":0.000123},"compiled_at":"2026-09-23","bank_version":"abstract-p1-20260923","model_version":"classifier-1.13-20260917","abstract_states":{"claims_first":0.04,"states_limitation":0.18,"human_participants":0.02,"controlled_comparison":0.05,"randomized_assignment":0.01,"states_quantitative_result":0.05,"compares_with_prior_results":0.24,"mentions_code_or_data_availability":0.02},"evidential_basis":{"p":0.99,"value":"argument","probabilities":{"argument":0.99,"literature":0.0,"proof_or_derivation":0.0,"analysis_of_existing_data":0.01,"observation_or_experiment":0.0,"simulation_or_computation":0.0}},"contribution_type":{"p":0.95,"value":"position or commentary","probabilities":{"review":0.0,"method_or_tool":0.02,"empirical_study":0.0,"simulation_study":0.0,"theoretical_result":0.03,"dataset_or_benchmark":0.0,"position_or_commentary":0.95}},"contribution_statement":{"p":0.97,"text":"We argue that the event-by-event fluctuation of the proton number is a meaningful and promising observable for the purpose of detecting the QCD critical end-point in heavy-ion collision experiments.","location":"abstract s0"}},"coverage":{"tier":"abstract","levels_run":["P abstract"],"not_examined":["full text","figures and tables","references and citing sentences","relations to other papers"],"sources_read":["arXiv listing abstract v2"],"levels_not_run":["S sections","T body sentences","C citations","R cross-paper relations"],"sentences_examined":3,"sentences_in_abstract":3},"measured_accuracy":{"url":"https://pith.science/accuracy","measured_on":"2026-10-02","method":"two independent model families labelled a fresh random sample blind; the figure is how often the published label matches their consensus","sentence_role_agreement":0.92,"main_claim_agreement":0.908,"typed_citation_agreement":0.933,"typed_citation_agreement_95_interval":[0.917,0.945],"review_comments_accurate":0.758,"review_comments_accurate_95_interval":[0.684,0.82],"review_caught_admitted_error_found_or_related":0.448}}