{"paper":{"title":"`Lazy' quantum ensembles","arxiv_id":"quant-ph/0603019","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2006-03-02T16:25:22+00:00","version_compiled":"v1"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13.0 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v1","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":0.58,"id":"s0","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"We compare different strategies aimed to prepare an ensemble with a given density matrix $\\rho$.","hedge":{"p":0.71,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.83,"main_claim_p":0.04,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.39,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.01,"result":0.0,"background":0.41,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.58,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":0.87,"id":"s1","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Preparing the ensemble of eigenstates of $\\rho$ with appropriate probabilities can be treated as `generous' strategy: it provides maximal accessible information about the state.","hedge":{"p":0.73,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.18,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.72,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.03,"result":0.0,"background":0.87,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.02,"interpretation":0.08}},{"i":2,"p":0.99,"id":"s2","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Another extremity is the so-called `Scrooge' ensemble, which is mostly stingy to share the information.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.09,"main_claim_p":0.05,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.5,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.99,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.99,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"We introduce `lazy' ensembles which require minimal efforts to prepare the density matrix by selecting pure states with respect to completely random choice.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.84,"main_claim_p":0.28,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.5,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.01,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.99,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":4,"p":0.76,"id":"s4","own":false,"role":"method","text":"We consider two parties, Alice and Bob, playing a kind of game.","hedge":{"p":0.8,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.36,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.2,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.76,"result":0.0,"background":0.1,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.14,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":5,"p":0.64,"id":"s5","own":false,"role":"method","text":"Bob wishes to guess which pure state is prepared by Alice.","hedge":{"p":0.97,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.09,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.04,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.64,"result":0.0,"background":0.22,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.14,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":6,"p":0.63,"id":"s6","own":false,"role":"method","text":"His null hypothesis, based on the lack of any information about Alice's intention, is that Alice prepares any pure state with equal probability.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.1,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.29,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.63,"result":0.0,"background":0.34,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.03,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":7,"p":0.72,"id":"s7","own":false,"role":"method","text":"Then, the average quantum state measured by Bob turns out to be $\\rho$, and he has to make a new hypothesis about Alice's intention solely based on the information that the observed density matrix is $\\rho$.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.27,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.07,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.72,"result":0.04,"background":0.17,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.05,"interpretation":0.02}},{"i":8,"p":0.93,"id":"s8","own":true,"role":"result","text":"The arising `lazy' ensemble is shown to be the alternative hypothesis which minimizes the Type I error.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.88,"main_claim_p":0.53,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.65,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.93,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.06}}]},"compiled":{"main_claim":{"p":0.97,"text":"The arising `lazy' ensemble is shown to be the alternative hypothesis which minimizes the Type I error.","location":"abstract s8","hedge_strength":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"}},"provenance":{"route":{"via":"TypeSafe 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