{"id":"12507b2b-1027-4f1e-a8d9-444903803572","arxiv_id":"2411.08003","paper_version":3,"verdict":"CONDITIONAL","confidence":"MODERATE","novelty_score":4.0,"correctness_risk":"medium","formal_verification":"none","parameter_count":4,"one_line_summary":"Under a worst-case formal model, attributing LLM outputs to a specific model is provably impossible except in the narrow case of finitely many deterministic models.","lead":"The paper asks whether a text can be traced to the specific AI model that wrote it, and argues that in many realistic settings this is fundamentally impossible, not just hard. It combines a classical learning-theory result with data on how fast the number of possible models is growing.","discovery_kind":"new_application","skeptic_critique":null,"referee_report":null,"author_rebuttal":null,"desk_editor":null,"rs_alignment":null,"lean_confirmation":null,"pith_extraction":null,"created_at":"2026-08-12T22:01:44.936589+00:00","model_set":{"reader":"deepseek-v4-flash"},"falsifier":null,"supporting_citations":[],"review_version":1}