{"id":"1bcf35f7-52e8-4481-8444-31b12c31c6f4","arxiv_id":"2501.08179","paper_version":1,"verdict":"CONDITIONAL","confidence":"MODERATE","novelty_score":6.0,"correctness_risk":"medium","formal_verification":"none","parameter_count":8,"one_line_summary":"A Rydberg-encoded spin chain shows power-law correlations, tunable Friedel oscillations, and linear light-cone dynamics consistent with Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid physics.","lead":"Researchers built a ring of 24 ultracold atoms acting as quantum spins and measured how their correlations decay with distance and spread in time. The patterns match the universal behavior of a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid, a special kind of quantum matter in one dimension.","discovery_kind":"new_application","skeptic_critique":{"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","headline":"AFM 'TLL behavior' claim is undermined by the paper's own Appendix I2: with p≈6% holes the ground state is not a TLL, so the fitted K_AFM may be a crossover fitting parameter rather than a Luttinger parameter.","rationale":"The paper's strongest claim is that both FM and AFM dipolar XY chains realize TLL physics, with measured power-law correlations yielding the Luttinger parameter. The FM case is supported by consistency among C^x and C^z fits, simulations with holes, and the expected K>1. The AFM case is the weak point: the experimental state contains p≈6% holes, and the authors' own Appendix I2 concludes that at this doping the ground state is not a TLL but a disorder-dominated phase. The experimental C^x data require an exponential cutoff with a short ξ=5(1) sites, and the extracted K_AFM carries a large uncertainty (1.0(3)); the C^z-based K_AFM=0.90(1) is more precise but rests on the amplitude of the 1/r^2 term, whose TLL prefactor is only meaningful if the state is a TLL. The central claim therefore hinges on the assumption that the disorder-induced deviation is merely an envelope over an underlying TLL correlation, rather than a sign that the system is already in a different phase. This is exactly the assumption the reader flagged. A DMRG test on the realistic hole-doped model would settle whether the fitted K is the physical Luttinger parameter or a fitting artifact. Because the paper is otherwise careful and the FM evidence is strong, the appropriate recommendation remains CONDITIONAL, not rejection; the condition is that the AFM TLL interpretation must be validated against the disorder-dominated alternative.","tokens_in":29069,"tokens_out":5908,"duration_ms":54728,"concrete_test":"Run DMRG on the dipolar AFM Hamiltonian with p=6% random holes for N=24 and N=100 (average over ≥100 configurations). Fit the disorder-averaged C^x(r) and C^z(r) with the paper's procedure (Eqs. 2–3 times e^{-r/ξ}) over the same ranges used in Fig. 2 and Fig. A4. If the extracted K shifts with N or with fitting window, or deviates from the clean K_AFM≈0.865, K_AFM is not a stable Luttinger parameter. Also compute squeezed-space correlations; if these do not show a TLL power law over roughly a decade, the AFM is not TLL-like even at short distances.","verdict_should_be":"UNCHANGED","load_bearing_attack":"The central claim that the AFM dipolar XY chain exhibits Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid behavior rests on a premise the paper itself disputes. Section IV reports K_AFM ≈ 0.90(1) (from C^z) and ≈ 1.0(3) (from C^x, with an exponential cutoff ξ=5(1) sites) for a system whose hole density is p≈6%. Appendix I2 explicitly states that for this hole concentration the ground state of the dipolar AFM chain is 'not a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid' but a disorder-dominated phase, with bond disorder in squeezed space driving the system toward a random-singlet or localized state. The experimental correlations are then fit to TLL functional forms multiplied by an empirical e^{-r/ξ}, but that exponential factor is precisely the signature of the disorder-induced crossover away from TLL behavior. If the actual state is disorder-dominated, the exponent extracted from the power-law factor is not the Luttinger parameter K of a critical phase; it is a scale-dependent effective exponent that depends on the fitting window and on the hole configuration. The paper's conclusion that the AFM chain realizes TLL physics therefore rests on the unestablished assumption that the probed short-distance (r≲5) and finite-size (N=24) regime is still controlled by the TLL fixed point, with the exponential decay merely a boundary/cutoff effect. This is not internally inconsistent, but it is a gap between the headline claim and the paper's own numerical conclusion.","agreement_with_reader":"agree"},"referee_report":{"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","summary":"The paper reports experiments on a 24-atom Rydberg ring realizing the dipolar XY spin Hamiltonian, with either ferromagnetic (FM) or antiferromagnetic (AFM) sign of the couplings. Using a quasi-adiabatic ramp, the authors prepare low-energy states, measure spin-spin correlations in the x and z bases, and fit them to Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) functional forms to extract the Luttinger parameter K. They observe Friedel oscillations when one atom is removed and measure the light-cone velocity of correlation spreading after a quench from a low-energy product state. The main claims are that the dipolar long-range interactions renormalize K relative to the nearest-neighbor XY chain (K_FM>1, K_AFM<1), that the measured correlation profiles are consistent with TLL power laws after accounting for an exponential cutoff, and that numerical simulations with hole doping and finite temperature reproduce the observations. The paper includes extensive appendices with experimental details, fitting procedures, and numerical methods (MPS, QMC, exact diagonalization).","tokens_in":29472,"tokens_out":6893,"duration_ms":68162,"significance":"If the interpretation is correct, this is a valuable experimental demonstration of TLL physics in a synthetic Rydberg spin chain, complementing prior cold-atom TLL experiments and extending them to spin systems with long-range dipolar interactions and single-site readout. The paper's strengths are the high degree of experimental control, the quantitative comparison of the data to MPS/QMC simulations that incorporate known imperfections, and the extraction of K from multiple independent correlation channels. The FM results appear internally consistent: the measured K values (1.6(4) from C^x, 1.4(1) from C^z) are compatible with the simulated values including holes (1.55(1) and 1.44(1)). The AFM results are more fragile, because the paper's own numerical analysis concludes that the hole-doped (p≈6%) AFM ground state is not a TLL but a disorder-dominated phase; this directly impacts the central claim for the AFM channel.","major_comments":[{"comment":"The paper's central claim that the AFM chain exhibits TLL behavior is contradicted by its own numerical conclusion in Appendix I2, which states that the ground state of the hole-doped dipolar AFM chain at the experimental hole density p≈6% is not a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid but rather a disorder-dominated phase. In Section IV, the AFM x-correlations are fit to a TLL power law multiplied by an exponential e^{-r/ξ} with ξ=5(1) sites, which is precisely the signature of the disorder-induced crossover away from TLL behavior; the extracted K_AFM≈1.0(3) is therefore a scale-dependent effective exponent, not the Luttinger parameter. The C^z fit yields K_AFM≈0.90(1), but that extraction relies on the uniform 1/r^2 prefactor and is subject to the same caveat if the state is not a TLL. The manuscript should either restrict the TLL claim to the FM case and explicitly describe the AFM results as short-distance TLL-like crossover behavior (as briefly mentioned in Section IV), or provide a quantitative argument that the probed distance range (r≲5) is still controlled by the TLL fixed point despite the disorder. The abstract and conclusion, which claim realization of TLL physics without this qualification, are too strong.","section":"Section IV and Appendix I2"},{"comment":"The reported uncertainties on the K values extracted from the C^z fits are understated because they do not propagate the systematic uncertainty in the detection-error correction. The fitting function for C^z includes the multiplicative factor (1−2ε↓−2ε↑)=0.89, and Eq. (3) contains K as a prefactor of the 1/r^2 term. Using the uncertainties quoted in Appendix E (ε↑=2.5±1%, ε↓=3±1%), the relative error on this factor is about ±4%, which should propagate directly to K (e.g., K_AFM=0.90±0.04, not ±0.01). The quoted errors K_FM≈1.4(1) and K_AFM≈0.90(1) are only statistical fit errors; the authors should provide a systematic-error budget for all reported K values.","section":"Section IV and Appendix G"},{"comment":"The power-law decay for the FM x-correlations is observed only over about 5 sites, after which an empirical exponential cutoff with ξ=15(4) sites dominates. With such a short scaling window, it is not established that the data are better described by a power law with an exponential cutoff than by a pure exponential or other decay forms over the full measured range. The paper should show a quantitative comparison of alternative fit functions (e.g., pure exponential, stretched exponential, or power law without cutoff) or a residual analysis, to support the claim that the extracted exponent is physically meaningful and not simply a fitting artifact. The same concern applies to the AFM x-correlations, where the cutoff is even shorter (ξ=5(1)).","section":"Section IV and Fig. 2(a)"}],"minor_comments":[{"comment":"The abstract states that the quench dynamics 'exhibit a light-cone structure related to the linear sound mode of the underlying TLL'; for the FM chain, however, the measured light-cone velocity v_g=2.34(5)aJ is significantly below the theoretical sound velocity u_FM≈3.7aJ, and the paper attributes this to the quench not populating the sound mode. The abstract and conclusion should be qualified to indicate that the linear light cone is observed for both signs, but the sound-velocity interpretation applies only to the AFM case, where the measured v_g=1.66(3)aJ is close to u_AF≈1.8aJ.","section":"Abstract and Section VI"},{"comment":"The sentence 'TLL theory predicts that these correlations are scale-invariant, indicative of a quantum critical state' is an overstatement given that the fits include an empirical exponential cutoff e^{-r/ξ} to account for finite temperature and disorder; it would be more precise to say that the data are consistent with power-law decay over a limited distance range with a finite correlation length.","section":"Section IV"},{"comment":"In the AFM paragraph of Section VI, the text reads 'the observed light-cone velocity is much closer to the sound velocity predicted theoretically, uFM ≈ 1.8aJ'; this should be u_AF (or u_AFM), not u_FM.","section":"Section VI"},{"comment":"The caption refers to a 'grey region' highlighting the effect of doping, but the region is not defined; the caption should explain what the grey region represents and over which distances it applies.","section":"Fig. 2 caption"},{"comment":"The cutoff distance r_c is chosen by fitting the ideal ground-state correlations; for the hole-doped AFM x-correlations, where the power-law range is short and the exponential decay is strong, the appropriate r_c may be smaller than the value chosen from the clean system. The authors should discuss whether their r_c choice for the AFM x-correlations is robust against the hole-induced exponential decay.","section":"Appendix G"}],"recommendation":"major_revision","confidential_remarks":"This is a strong experimental paper with careful numerics, but the AFM TLL claim needs substantial revision to align with the authors' own numerical conclusion. The editor may wish to encourage the authors to reframe the title/abstract/conclusion to emphasize the FM TLL behavior and describe the AFM results as short-distance TLL-like crossover in a disorder-dominated system, or to provide additional analysis supporting the TLL interpretation for AFM. The systematic-error issue in the K extraction from C^z should also be addressed before publication. The paper is likely publishable after these revisions; I would not recommend rejection given the quality of the FM results and the quench dynamics."},"author_rebuttal":null,"desk_editor":{"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","letter":"Bottom line: this is a high-quality experimental paper with a real claim that needs qualification. The FM TLL evidence is credible; the AFM evidence is a crossover signal, not a demonstration of a TLL phase.\n\nWhat's new: direct real-space observation of power-law correlations in a dipolar XY Rydberg chain, extracting Luttinger parameters for FM and AFM; Friedel oscillations with wavevector linearly tuned by magnetization, matching the kinematic relation with no free parameters; quench light-cone velocities for both FM and AFM, with the AFM velocity close to the predicted sound velocity. The simulations are thorough: they include holes, finite lifetimes, readout errors, and thermal effects, and reproduce much of the deviation from ideal ground-state correlations.\n\nThe soft spot is exactly what the stress-test note says. Section IV reports K_AFM about 0.90(1) from C^z and 1.0(3) from C^x with an exponential cutoff xi = 5(1) sites, for a system with p about 6% holes. Appendix I2 then states that for this hole concentration the ground state of the dipolar AFM chain is not a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid but a disorder-dominated phase. The exponential cutoff in the x-fit is the hallmark of that disorder-induced crossover. So the extracted K_AFM is likely a scale-dependent effective exponent, not a Luttinger parameter of a critical phase. The paper tries to soften this by saying TLL-like behavior may still emerge at short distance, but that runs against the standard interpretation of a Luttinger parameter as a thermodynamic quantity. For the FM, the evidence is better: the power law extends to about 5 sites, the exponential cutoff is long (xi = 15), and the extracted K values (1.6(4) and 1.4(1)) bracket the theoretical 1.85 without holes and the 1.55/1.44 with holes. Still, the FM z-fit gives K = 1.4(1) versus theory 1.85, a 25% discrepancy not fully explained.\n\nThe quench section is honest about the FM velocity mismatch (2.34(5) vs u about 3.7) and gives a plausible finite-size/spectral-weight explanation. I buy it, but the paper should be clearer that the measured FM light-cone velocity is not the TLL sound velocity.\n\nWho this is for: anyone working on Rydberg quantum simulation, 1D quantum magnetism, or TLL physics. It deserves a serious referee: the experimental quality is high and the shortcomings are visible and partly acknowledged. The main revision should be to either present the AFM results as crossover signatures consistent with TLL physics on short length scales, or provide a more careful argument for why the finite-size regime is still controlled by the TLL fixed point despite the paper's own numerical conclusion. Send it to peer review; with revision it can be a solid paper.","headline":"A strong Rydberg experiment whose FM TLL evidence is credible, but whose AFM claim is a crossover signal — the paper's own numerics say 6% holes destroy the TLL in the thermodynamic limit.","tokens_in":30065,"tokens_out":2649,"would_cite":true,"duration_ms":25964,"reading_group":"yes","serious_thinker":"yes","would_accept_peer_review":true},"rs_alignment":null,"lean_confirmation":null,"pith_extraction":{"msc":[],"pacs":[],"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","headline":"A 24-atom Rydberg ring with dipolar XY couplings realizes a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid, with power-law correlations, tunable Friedel oscillations, and a quench light cone that yield the Luttinger parameters and sound velocities.","keywords":["Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid","Rydberg quantum simulator","dipolar XY spin chain","Luttinger parameter","spin-spin correlations","Friedel oscillations","quench dynamics","one-dimensional quantum criticality"],"falsifier":"Compute or measure the ground-state $C^x(r)$ of the AFM dipolar chain with the experimental hole density (about 6%) at sizes $N=100$ to $N=400$. If the correlations settle into the $r^{-2}$ tail of a random-singlet phase instead of a $K$-determined power law over a growing distance range, then the AFM TLL behavior reported here is a short-distance, finite-size effect rather than the underlying critical phase.","tokens_in":28897,"feed_emoji":"⚛️","tokens_out":11391,"duration_ms":104855,"temperature":0.7,"pith_summary":"This paper reports experiments on a ring of 24 rubidium atoms in Rydberg states, engineered to realize a one-dimensional spin-1/2 XY chain with long-range dipolar couplings that can be made ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic. It claims that the low-energy states of both chains are Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids, and that measured real-space spin correlations decay as power laws whose exponents give the Luttinger parameter $K$: larger than 1 for the ferromagnetic chain ($K_{\\mathrm{FM}} \\approx 1.4$–$1.6$) and near or below 1 for the antiferromagnetic chain ($K_{\\mathrm{AFM}} \\approx 0.9$–$1.0$). It also observes Friedel oscillations around a single removed atom, with a wavevector that follows the predicted linear dependence on magnetization, and, after a quench, a linear light cone of propagating correlations whose slope is related to the TLL sound velocity. The broader point is that a programmable Rydberg simulator can expose universal one-dimensional quantum critical behavior at the single-site level, including how long-range interactions renormalize $K$ and $u$, while also revealing how hole doping and finite size destabilize the liquid.","feed_headline":"Rydberg spin chain shows Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid physics","feed_subtitle":"Correlation exponents give K for FM and AFM chains; quench fronts give the TLL sound velocity.","key_machinery":"The load-bearing object is the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid parameterization of the low-energy sector, in which all long-wavelength correlations are controlled by the Luttinger parameter $K$ and the sound velocity $u$; for the XY chain the spins map onto free fermions, and $K=1$ for nearest-neighbor couplings. The paper uses the predicted forms $C^x(r)\\sim r^{-1/(2K)}$ plus a staggered term and $C^z(r)\\sim -2K/(\\pi^2 r^2)+\\cdots$ to extract $K$ from real-space data, and uses the slope of the correlation light cone in quench dynamics to extract $u$. The dipolar $1/r^3$ couplings enter as a renormalization of $K$ and $u$ relative to the nearest-neighbor XY chain, with ferromagnetic couplings stiffening the liquid ($K>1$) and antiferromagnetic couplings softening it ($K<1$). A secondary machinery element is the empirical exponential decay $e^{-r/\\xi}$ introduced to absorb hole-doping and finite-temperature effects when fitting the $x$ correlations.","core_discovery":"The central claim is that the dipolar XY Rydberg chain realizes a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid in both its ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic forms. Concretely, the paper measures connected correlations $C^x(r)$ and $C^z(r)$ after quasi-adiabatic preparation and fits them to the TLL forms $C^x(r)\\simeq A r^{-1/(2K)} + B(-1)^{d(r)} r^{-(2K+1/(2K))}$ and $C^z(r)\\simeq -2K/(\\pi^2 r^2) + D(-1)^{d(r)} r^{-2K}$, with an empirical factor $e^{-r/\\xi}$ in the $x$ channel where holes and finite energy act. From these fits it extracts $K_{\\mathrm{FM}} \\approx 1.6(4)$ from $C^x$ and $1.4(1)$ from $C^z$, and $K_{\\mathrm{AFM}} \\approx 1.0(3)$ from $C^x$ and $0.90(1)$ from $C^z$, in agreement with numerical simulations that include a hole density of about 4% (FM) and 6% (AFM). The same simulator produces Friedel oscillations around an impurity whose wavevector obeys $2k_F=\\pi(1-M_z/N)$, and quench experiments give light-cone velocities $v_g=2.34(5)\\,aJ$ (FM) and $v_g=1.66(3)\\,aJ$ (AFM), identifying the TLL sound velocity when the sound mode dominates. The paper concludes that the long-range dipolar interactions renormalize the Luttinger parameters away from the nearest-neighbor values $K=1$, $u=2aJ$.","pith_inferences":["A testable extension: repeat the AFM measurement with hole density near 1% or with post-selection on hole positions; if the fitted $K$ values from $C^x$ and $C^z$ converge to a single number and $\\xi$ grows, the TLL interpretation is confirmed at larger scales.","A second test: increase hole density further and look for the predicted crossover to the $r^{-2}$ decay of the random-singlet phase; observing that crossover would sharpen the boundary between TLL and disorder-dominated behavior.","Mode-selective quenches that excite mainly long wavelengths could resolve the FM sound velocity discrepancy and test whether the predicted $u_{\\mathrm{FM}}\\approx 3.7\\,aJ$ is realized.","The same correlation-fitting approach could be extended to two-dimensional gapless spin liquids, where power-law signatures are harder to isolate and real-space probes of the kind demonstrated here would be valuable."],"forward_implications":["A Rydberg-encoded dipolar XY chain is a working platform for Tomonaga-Luttinger physics, since all three signatures—power-law correlations, Friedel oscillations, and linear light-cone propagation—are observed in a single system.","The extracted Luttinger parameters quantify how long-range dipolar interactions renormalize the liquid: ferromagnetic couplings stiffen it ($K_{\\mathrm{FM}}>1$) and antiferromagnetic couplings soften it ($K_{\\mathrm{AFM}}<1$), moving away from the nearest-neighbor value $K=1$.","The Friedel oscillation wavevector is fixed by the conserved magnetization through $2k_F=\\pi(1-M_z/N)$, so the impurity response is a tunable, parameter-free probe of the underlying TLL.","Because 6% hole doping drives the AFM chain out of the TLL phase in the thermodynamic limit, genuine AFM TLL behavior requires either lower hole densities or post-selected analysis that accounts for hole positions.","Finite-size effects are strong enough in the 24-site FM ring that quench dynamics measure an effective group velocity below the predicted TLL sound velocity, so larger systems or mode-selective initial states are needed to observe the sound mode directly."],"supporting_citations":[{"why":"Supplies the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid correlation functions and the K/u parameterization used for all fits.","marker":"[1]"},{"why":"Establishes the nearest-neighbor XY chain as free fermions with K=1, the baseline the dipolar results are compared against.","marker":"[33]"},{"why":"Predicts continuous symmetry breaking in 1D long-range interacting systems, explaining the FM enhancement and proximity to a critical point.","marker":"[34]"},{"why":"Provides the numerical value K_FM about 1.72 for the purely dipolar chain and the context of a scale-invariant disordered-boson transition.","marker":"[36]"},{"why":"Supplies the quasi-adiabatic preparation scheme used to reach low-energy states of the XY Hamiltonian.","marker":"[42]"},{"why":"Provides the optimized adiabatic ramp profile and the approach of fitting correlations with an empirical exponential factor.","marker":"[31]"},{"why":"Motivates the e^{-r/xi} correction to the power-law fits as a finite-temperature and inhomogeneity effect in 1D systems.","marker":"[46]"},{"why":"Gives the hole-induced correlation length xi_p = 1/|ln(1-2p)| that quantitatively explains the AFM exponential decay.","marker":"[47]"},{"why":"Derives the open-chain Friedel oscillation profile, Eq. (4), used to fit the impurity-induced magnetization oscillations.","marker":"[49]"}],"fun_headline_variants":["Rydberg chain shows Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid signatures","Luttinger liquid realized in Rydberg spin chain","Quantum simulator probes Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid in 1D chain","Power-law correlations confirm Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid in Rydberg chain","Rydberg simulator measures Luttinger parameter and sound velocity"],"cache_read_input_tokens":3200,"weakest_assumption_plain":"The reported Luttinger parameters are physical only if the power-law forms of Tomonaga-Luttinger theory, modified by one empirical exponential factor $e^{-r/\\xi}$, describe the measured correlations over the fitted distances even though the chains contain holes and only 16–28 sites; the paper's own analysis indicates the 6%-doped AFM chain is not a TLL in the thermodynamic limit.","fun_headline_variants_meta":{"raw":{"variants":["Rydberg chain shows Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid signatures","Luttinger liquid realized in Rydberg spin chain","Quantum simulator probes Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid in 1D chain","Power-law correlations confirm Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid in Rydberg chain","Rydberg simulator measures Luttinger parameter and sound velocity"]},"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","effort":"low","cost_usd":0.000829,"raw_usage":{"total_tokens":3716,"prompt_tokens":1133,"completion_tokens":2583,"prompt_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":384},"prompt_cache_hit_tokens":384,"prompt_cache_miss_tokens":749,"completion_tokens_details":{"reasoning_tokens":2500}},"tokens_in":749,"tokens_out":2583,"duration_ms":19240,"temperature":1.0,"reasoning_tokens":2500,"cache_read_input_tokens":384,"cache_creation_input_tokens":0},"cache_creation_input_tokens":0},"created_at":"2026-08-10T20:29:16.408120+00:00","model_set":{"reader":"deepseek-v4-flash"},"falsifier":"Compute or measure the ground-state $C^x(r)$ of the AFM dipolar chain with the experimental hole density (about 6%) at sizes $N=100$ to $N=400$. If the correlations settle into the $r^{-2}$ tail of a random-singlet phase instead of a $K$-determined power law over a growing distance range, then the AFM TLL behavior reported here is a short-distance, finite-size effect rather than the underlying critical phase.","supporting_citations":[{"cited_title":"Imaging Tunable Luttinger Liquid Systems in van der Waals Heterostructures","cited_arxiv_id":"2404.16344","evidence_quote":"Establishes the nearest-neighbor XY chain as free fermions with K=1, the baseline the dipolar results are compared against."},{"cited_title":"Paredes, A","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Predicts continuous symmetry breaking in 1D long-range interacting systems, explaining the FM enhancement and proximity to a critical point."},{"cited_title":"Fabbri, M","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Provides the numerical value K_FM about 1.72 for the purely dipolar chain and the context of a scale-invariant disordered-boson transition."},{"cited_title":"Senaratne, D","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Supplies the quasi-adiabatic preparation scheme used to reach low-energy states of the XY Hamiltonian."},{"cited_title":null,"cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Provides the optimized adiabatic ramp profile and the approach of fitting correlations with an empirical exponential factor."},{"cited_title":"Richerme, Z.-X","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Motivates the e^{-r/xi} correction to the power-law fits as a finite-temperature and inhomogeneity effect in 1D systems."},{"cited_title":"Morvan, T","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Gives the hole-induced correlation length xi_p = 1/|ln(1-2p)| that quantitatively explains the AFM exponential decay."},{"cited_title":"Adiabatic State Preparation in a Quantum Ising Spin Chain","cited_arxiv_id":"2404.07481","evidence_quote":"Derives the open-chain Friedel oscillation profile, Eq. (4), used to fit the impurity-induced magnetization oscillations."}],"review_version":1}