{"id":"708c4aab-57e8-4c32-a054-5f670ce2a8b9","arxiv_id":"2507.01815","paper_version":1,"verdict":"REJECT","confidence":"HIGH","novelty_score":5.0,"correctness_risk":"high","formal_verification":"none","parameter_count":6,"one_line_summary":"The paper estimates that a germanium crystal with impurity-based quantum dots and phononic crystal cavities can detect single primary phonons, reaching a threshold of 0.00745 eV.","lead":"This paper proposes a cryogenic germanium detector called GeQuLEP that uses impurity-based quantum dots and phononic crystal cavities to sense individual phonons. The design claims an energy threshold of 0.00745 eV, which could, if proven, open new searches for light dark matter and solar neutrinos.","discovery_kind":"new_method","skeptic_critique":{"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","headline":"Dipole quantum dot parameters are internally inconsistent: Eqs. (3)-(4) give a 0.35 meV, 260 nm potential at 4 K, not the 10 meV, 7 nm well used for the 0.00745 eV sensitivity claim.","rationale":"Reader's verdict rejects the paper for multiple reasons. My stress-test identifies a single, decisive internal inconsistency in the core mechanism. The paper's Eq. (4) defines the dipole size via thermal energy; plugging in T=4 K gives d≈261 nm. Eq. (3) then yields a potential depth of only about 0.34 meV. Yet the paper asserts a Gaussian well with depth ~10 meV and width ~7 nm (Eq. 5), and all subsequent phonon-to-charge calculations (Sections 5.2-5.6) use these large depth/small width parameters. Order-of-magnitude checks in the paper itself (e.g., the Onsager radius r0≈257 nm and spring constant k≈1.67e-9 N/m) are consistent with the shallow/wide dipole picture, not the 10 meV/7 nm QD picture. Therefore, the predicted 10-30 GHz resonance and induced charges are artifacts of mixing two incompatible models: a classical thermal dipole and a deep quantum dot. The 0.00745 eV threshold claim is the central claim; it fails if the wells are only ~0.3 meV deep and ~260 nm wide, because the bound states are weakly localized and the deformation-potential coupling is far weaker. This concern is load-bearing: it does not rely on external consensus or missing data, but on the paper's own equations contradicting each other. A simple recomputation settles it. I therefore keep the reader's REJECT verdict (UNCHANGED). Other problems noted by the reader (kinematic impossibility of keV/c^2 DM, PnC bandgap inconsistency, incorrect absorption probability) reinforce rejection, but the dipole parameter inconsistency is the most fundamental because it invalidates the transduction mechanism before any background or reach question arises.","tokens_in":25383,"tokens_out":14174,"duration_ms":166158,"concrete_test":"Evaluate Eqs. (3) and (4) at T = 4 K: compute d = q^2/(4π ε0 εr k_B T) ≈ 261 nm and V_dipole = -q^2/(4π ε0 εr d) ≈ -0.34 meV. Then compare with the V0' ≈ 10 meV and σ' ≈ 7 nm assumed in Eq. (5) and used in Section 5. If the discrepancy is confirmed (a factor ~30 in depth, ~37 in width), the Gaussian parameters are not consequences of the dipole model; in that case, re-derive the phonon-induced charge displacement using the actual potential (e.g., a hydrogenic donor with Bohr radius ≈ 4 nm and binding energy ≈ 12 meV) and the correct equilibrium position, and check whether the 10–30 GHz resonance and the quoted induced charges (>10^-3 e) survive. This analytic recomputation requires no new experiment and directly determines whether the 0.00745 eV threshold claim is supported.","verdict_should_be":"UNCHANGED","load_bearing_attack":"The central 0.00745 eV sensitivity claim rests on the impurity dipole quantum dots characterized in Section 2 as Gaussian wells with depth V0' ≈ 10 meV and width σ' ≈ 7 nm at 4 K (Eq. 5). These parameters are then used throughout Section 5 to compute charge-phonon coupling, the 10–30 GHz resonance, and the induced QPC charge. However, the paper's own dipole construction cannot produce these parameters. Eq. (4) sets the dipole size d = q^2/(4πε0εr k_B T) ≈ 261 nm at T = 4 K (εr = 16). Substituting this d into Eq. (3) gives V_dipole ≈ -k_B T ≈ -0.34 meV, a factor ~30 shallower than the assumed 10 meV, and a spatial scale ~37 times wider than 7 nm. The text even states that 'the spatial width of the resulting confinement potential is limited by the temperature-dependent variation of this dipole separation,' so the 7 nm width cannot be reconciled with a 261 nm dipole separation. Since the harmonic-oscillator description in §5.3.2 also expands the Coulomb potential around the Onsager radius r0 ≈ 257 nm—where the Coulomb force is not zero—the quadratic potential and the resulting 10–30 GHz resonance are not justified. Thus the phonon-induced charge displacements (Fig. 9), the induced charges (Fig. 10), and the 'single primary phonon' claim at 0.00745 eV all depend on a confinement model that is internally inconsistent with the defining equations. Absent an independent microscopic derivation of a 10 meV/7 nm well, the transduction chain lacks a secure foundation.","agreement_with_reader":"partial"},"referee_report":{"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","summary":"The paper proposes GeQuLEP, a conceptual detector platform combining high-purity germanium crystals, phononic-crystal cavities, and radio-frequency quantum point contact (RF-QPC) readout. The claimed physics is that shallow impurities frozen out below 10 K form dipole-bound quantum dots that couple to ballistic phonons via the deformation potential; phonon-induced displacement of the bound charge is then sensed by a nearby QPC. The authors estimate single-primary-phonon sensitivity with a threshold of 0.00745 eV, which they argue would open access to MeV-scale dark matter and solar pp-neutrino CEνNS detection. The manuscript develops a quantitative chain from phonon generation and propagation through dipole-phonon coupling to the induced QPC signal, and it closes with a feasibility discussion and prototyping roadmap.","tokens_in":25689,"tokens_out":8326,"duration_ms":92445,"significance":"If the central claims held, the platform would represent a qualitative advance in low-energy particle detection: a contact-free, sub-10-meV phonon spectrometer with single-phonon sensitivity. The authors are to be credited for constructing an explicit end-to-end model that connects phonon physics, quantum-dot confinement, and charge readout, and for being frank that this is a theoretical design requiring prototype validation. However, the significance is undermined by internal inconsistencies in the very first element of the transduction chain: the dipole-bound quantum-dot parameters used in all subsequent sections are not derivable from the paper's own defining equations, and the harmonic-oscillator model that produces the 10–30 GHz resonance is not justified. The paper also contains several quantitative errors (downconversion multiplicity, absorption probability, thermal occupation numbers) in load-bearing estimates. As a conceptual design, the paper is thought-provoking, but as a technical manuscript it does not yet provide a sound basis for the headline sensitivity claim.","major_comments":[{"comment":"The dipole-well parameters are internally inconsistent. Inserting T = 4 K into Eq. (4) gives d ≈ 261 nm, and substituting into Eq. (3) gives V_dipole ≈ −0.34 meV, whereas Eq. (5) and the text adopt V'_0 ≈ 10 meV and σ' ≈ 7 nm at 4 K. The text itself states that 'the spatial width of the resulting confinement potential is limited by the temperature-dependent variation of this dipole separation,' which cannot be reconciled with a 7 nm width for a 261 nm dipole. The only evidence cited for the 10 meV/7 nm well is fitting to the authors' prior work [24,25]; the paper provides no independent microscopic derivation. Since the harmonic-oscillator parameters used throughout Section 5 (natural frequency, charge displacement, induced charge) originate from this well, the central transduction chain currently lacks a foundation in the paper's own stated dipole model.","section":"§2, Eqs. (3)–(5)"},{"comment":"The harmonic-oscillator expansion around the Onsager radius is invalid. The potential U(r) = −e^2/(4πε0εr r) has first derivative e^2/(4πε0εr r^2), which is not zero at r_0 defined by Eq. (27); the 'equilibrium force cancellation' invoked after Eq. (24) is therefore unjustified, and no counter-force is introduced. Consequently the spring constant of Eq. (26), the resonant frequency ω_0, the resonance-enhanced displacements in Fig. 9, and the induced charges in Fig. 10 do not follow from the Coulomb potential. Additionally, the driven harmonic oscillator in Eq. (28) has no damping term, so the response at resonance is formally divergent; the finite resonance peaks shown in Figs. 9 and 10 require an unstated damping mechanism or detuning.","section":"§5.3.2, Eqs. (24)–(27)"},{"comment":"The anharmonic downconversion multiplicity is used inconsistently. Section 5.5 states that ~4 sequential decays reduce a 1.8 THz primary phonon to the ballistic regime (~125 GHz), yielding 2^4 = 16 ballistic phonons, and this number supports the 0.00745 eV claim in the abstract. Section 5.7, however, states that ~6 generations populate the 10–30 GHz band, yielding 2^6 = 64 phonons around 28 GHz. Since 1.8 THz / 2^4 ≈ 112 GHz and 1.8 THz / 2^6 ≈ 28 GHz, the two descriptions cannot both be correct. The manuscript must adopt a single, self-consistent cascade model; as written, the headline threshold and the background-discrimination argument rely on contradictory numbers.","section":"§5.5 and §5.7"},{"comment":"The absorption probability in the quantum-well region is arithmetically inconsistent with the stated numbers. With n_d = 10^14 cm^−3, σ_abs = 10^−10 cm^2, and L = 1 μm, the product n_d σ_abs L equals 1, so P_abs = 1 − exp(−1) ≈ 63%, not 'approaches 100%' as claimed. The following sentence, 'nearly all of the 16 ballistic phonons are expected to be absorbed,' is therefore incorrect; only about 10 of 16 would be absorbed. This does not invalidate the single-phonon concept by itself, but it is a concrete error in a step that feeds the sensitivity estimate and should be corrected.","section":"§5.4, P_abs calculation"},{"comment":"The quoted thermal phonon occupation numbers are incorrect. At T = 4 K, the Bose-Einstein occupation n(f) = [exp(hf/k_BT) − 1]^−1 is about 7.9 at 10 GHz and about 2.3 at 30 GHz, not 2.1 and 0.3 as stated in the text. The claim that the thermal background yields 'fewer than one phonon per nanosecond' in the 10–30 GHz band also needs a quantitative mode-counting derivation; based on the corrected occupation numbers the thermal population is an order of magnitude larger than implied. Since spectral overlap with thermal phonons is a central challenge for the proposed readout, this point must be re-evaluated.","section":"§5.7, thermal occupation numbers"}],"minor_comments":[{"comment":"The 'characteristic diffusion length of roughly 0.6 µm before the phonon undergoes its first anharmonic decay' is inconsistent with the preceding numbers: with τ_ph ≈ 0.33 μs and v_ph ≈ 5400 m/s, the length is about 1.8 mm, not 0.6 μm. Please check the numerical factor.","section":"§5.5"},{"comment":"The zero-point displacement in Eq. (23) contains an unexplained factor π. The standard quantized acoustic-phonon displacement amplitude is (ħ/2ρωV)^1/2 (as also used in Eq. (31)); please justify or remove the π.","section":"§5.3.1, Eq. (23)"},{"comment":"The reference list contains duplicate entries ([28] and [46]; [47] and [69]), and several bibliographic typos, for example 'gragg' in [41], 'scilicon' in [43], and 'Phy. REv. Lett.' in [37]. A careful copy-editing pass is needed.","section":"References"},{"comment":"The terminology 'quantum well (QW)' is used interchangeably with 'quantum dot' and 'dipole state' (e.g., Sections 5.2 and 6). Since the confinement is three-dimensional and localized, the manuscript should use a consistent term (quantum dot) and clarify where 'well' refers to the doped layer rather than the bound state.","section":"§6 and Figs. 9-10"},{"comment":"The absorption cross section σ_abs is derived assuming deformation-potential coupling to a two-level system, but the subsequent application to localized dipole states uses the same formula with bulk Ge parameters. The manuscript should specify how the density of states in Eq. (20) is modified for a bound state rather than a free carrier.","section":"§5.2, Eq. (20)"}],"recommendation":"reject","confidential_remarks":"The central premise of the paper — that shallow impurities in Ge form dipole-bound quantum dots with V'_0 ≈ 10 meV and σ' ≈ 7 nm — is supported only by the authors' own prior publications [22–25], with no independent experimental confirmation presented here. In combination with the internal inconsistency between Eqs. (3)–(4) and Eq. (5), and the invalid harmonic-oscillator expansion in §5.3.2, I do not see a version of this manuscript in which the headline 0.00745 eV sensitivity can be defended without substantial new microscopic modeling or experimental data. The paper would be better positioned as a speculative design-study if the quantitative claims were substantially softened and the model errors corrected."},"author_rebuttal":null,"desk_editor":{"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","letter":"Let me cut to it: this is a genuinely novel architecture—phononic-crystal cavities plus impurity-defined quantum dots plus RF-QPC readout—for a single-phonon germanium detector. The 7.45 meV limit from the linear-chain model is standard and fine. But the central sensitivity claim does not survive contact with the paper's own equations.\n\nThe load-bearing problem is in Section 2. Equations (3) and (4) give d = q^2/(4πϵ₀ϵᵣkBT) ≈ 260 nm at 4 K and V_dipole ≈ -0.35 meV. That is a shallow, wide well. Yet the paper then uses a Gaussian well with V₀' ≈ 10 meV and σ' ≈ 7 nm in all the coupling, resonance, and charge-displacement calculations. The text even says the spatial width is limited by temperature-dependent variation of the dipole separation. You cannot get a 7 nm well from a 260 nm dipole. Unless the authors provide an independent microscopic derivation of the 10 meV/7 nm parameters, the entire transduction chain is built on an internally inconsistent model. This is not a minor detail; it is the foundation of the 0.00745 eV threshold.\n\nThe other weaknesses are the expected ones for a conceptual paper, but some are severe. The abstract and Section 6 claim reach down to keV/c² dark matter via nuclear recoils, which is kinematically impossible with a 7.45 meV threshold—a 1 keV/c² particle deposits less than 1e-9 eV in a germanium nucleus. That claim should be caught in any careful reading. Section 5.4's absorption probability is an arithmetic error: with nd=1e14 cm⁻³, σ=1e-10 cm², L=1 µm, P_abs = 1 - exp(-1) ≈ 63%, not \"approaches 100%.\" The PnC filter is described as blocking below 83 GHz in one place and as having a 100–120 GHz bandgap elsewhere. And there is no pp-neutrino rate calculation or error bars on any projected curve.\n\nWhat the paper does well is state a clear research direction and explicitly flag that a prototype is required. The integration idea is worth exploring, but the quantitative claims need major revision before the physics reach can be taken seriously.\n\nWould I send this to peer review? Yes—it is a serious enough proposal with enough new combination to merit referee time, but the referee report should be blunt about the internal inconsistency and the kinematic error. My own reading: reject in current form, invite revision with corrected parameters or a proper microscopic model.","headline":"Novel detector architecture, but the 7.45 meV threshold rests on a dipole-well model that contradicts the paper's own equations; reject for now, referee seriously.","tokens_in":26369,"tokens_out":4627,"would_cite":false,"duration_ms":46421,"reading_group":"maybe","serious_thinker":"no","would_accept_peer_review":true},"rs_alignment":null,"lean_confirmation":null,"pith_extraction":{"msc":[],"pacs":[],"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","headline":"GeQuLEP claims a germanium platform can detect single primary phonons, with energy depositions as low as 0.00745 eV.","keywords":["germanium detectors","phonon spectroscopy","dipole-bound quantum dots","phononic crystals","quantum point contact readout","low-mass dark matter","coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering","cryogenic low-threshold detection"],"falsifier":"Cool a high-purity germanium sample below 10 K, inject known-frequency phonons with a surface-acoustic-wave transducer, and measure the RF-QPC conductance shift as a function of frequency, doping density, and temperature. The paper's chain predicts a resonant response in the 10-30 GHz band with induced charge above $10^{{-3}}$ e; a scan without that resonance, or with the resonance pinned rather than moving with the Onsager radius, would contradict the transduction model.","tokens_in":1924,"feed_emoji":"⚛️","tokens_out":3883,"duration_ms":126277,"temperature":0.7,"pith_summary":"The paper puts forward a conceptual detector design, GeQuLEP, whose central claim is that a 0.00745 eV energy deposit in high-purity germanium can be registered as a measurable electrical signal. The operating chain is: a low-energy recoil creates primary phonons near 1.8 THz; anharmonic decay produces roughly 16 ballistic phonons; shallow impurities frozen out below 10 K act as quantum dots; phonons displace the bound charges through deformation-potential coupling; and an adjacent radio-frequency quantum point contact reads out the induced charge. If this works, the energy threshold would be orders of magnitude below current detectors, opening searches for low-mass dark matter in the keV/$c^2$ range and real-time detection of solar $pp$ neutrinos via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering. The paper is a design study: the quantitative predictions rest on calculations and on earlier reports of dipole states, not on a working prototype.","feed_headline":"0.00745 eV sensitivity claimed for germanium quantum sensor","feed_subtitle":"If realized, this threshold would open keV-mass dark matter and solar neutrino searches.","key_machinery":"The central object is the dipole-bound quantum dot: a localized electron or hole state formed when shallow impurities in high-purity germanium freeze out at cryogenic temperatures, modeled here as a Gaussian well about 10 meV deep and 7 nm wide. Phononic crystal cavities trap and slow ballistic phonons near these dots, enhancing absorption via a reduced phonon phase velocity. The deformation-potential interaction converts the phonon into a driven oscillation of the bound charge, whose induced displacement is registered by a radio-frequency quantum point contact through the Ramo-Shockley relation. This machinery converts a sub-eV lattice excitation into a charge signal without any electrical contact to the crystal bulk.","core_discovery":"The paper argues that phonon-to-charge transduction in impurity-defined quantum dots can reach single-phonon sensitivity, with a single 0.00745 eV deposition producing about 16 ballistic phonons whose induced charges sum to a signal above the RF-QPC noise floor. At 4 K, shallow impurities freeze out into dipole-bound states that behave like quantum dots with a Gaussian confinement of roughly 10 meV depth and 7 nm width. Ballistic phonons trapped in phononic crystal cavities couple to these bound carriers through the deformation potential, driving nanometer-scale charge displacements; the Ramo-Shockley induced charge on a nearby QPC is the measured signal. The model predicts resonant enhancement in the 10-30 GHz band with induced charges up to about 0.01 e, and signals above $10^{{-3}}$ e even near 125 GHz, which the paper takes as sufficient for modern RF-QPC readout. All of these are theoretical predictions for a device that has not yet been built and tested.","pith_inferences":["Editorial extension: if the assumed dipole-state parameters hold, the same transduction chain should be testable in silicon or SiGe, where deformation potentials and impurity ionization energies differ; comparing the predicted resonance frequency would isolate the role of dipole size and confinement depth.","Editorial extension: the 10-30 GHz resonance prediction gives a sharp experimental dial, since the bound-state natural frequency depends on the Onsager radius and therefore on temperature and doping; a resonance that does not shift with those parameters would indicate the harmonic-oscillator picture is incomplete.","Editorial extension: the paper leaves open whether etching the phononic crystal cavity preserves the near-surface dipole states; a before-and-after measurement of phonon absorption on the same sample would settle whether the doped layer can serve simultaneously as quantum well and phonon cavity.","Editorial extension: the same readout chain, calibrated with an on-chip surface-acoustic-wave source, could function as a laboratory phonon spectrometer independent of dark matter, mapping anharmonic decay rates and ballistic lifetimes in high-purity germanium."],"forward_implications":["A 0.00745 eV deposit yielding about 16 ballistic phonons, combined with the claimed 95% collection efficiency, predicts a QPC signal above the readout noise floor and makes the detector threshold essentially single-phonon.","In the resonant 10-30 GHz band the induced charge reaches about 0.01 e, and even at 125 GHz it remains above 10^{-3} e, within the demonstrated sensitivity of RF-QPC charge sensors.","A threshold near 0.00745 eV would give access to dark matter masses around keV/$c^2$ and to solar $pp$ neutrinos through CE$\\nu$NS, with the paper estimating that 10-100 g-day of exposure could yield a statistically significant event rate.","Phononic bandgaps in the 100-120 GHz range plus sub-nanosecond temporal clustering of decay phonons provide the paper's strategy for separating signal phonons from the 4 K thermal background below about 83 GHz.","The architecture is contact-free, CMOS-compatible, and scalable to arrays, avoiding the bulk charge transport and electrical contacts that limit existing germanium detectors."],"supporting_citations":[{"why":"Sets the target recoil-energy scale for MeV-scale dark matter in germanium and motivates the sub-eV threshold.","marker":"[12]"},{"why":"Supplies the deformation-potential Hamiltonian and phonon-displacement formulas used for the charge-phonon coupling estimates.","marker":"[18]"},{"why":"Introduces the residual-impurity dipole-state idea in germanium detectors for low-mass dark matter.","marker":"[22]"},{"why":"Reports evidence of cluster dipole states in germanium below 10 K, the basis for the proposed quantum dots.","marker":"[23]"},{"why":"Provides fitted n-type germanium low-threshold detector data behind the Gaussian dipole-well parameters.","marker":"[24]"},{"why":"Provides fitted p-type germanium cryogenic detector data behind the Gaussian dipole-well parameters.","marker":"[25]"},{"why":"Gives germanium's deformation potentials, phonon frequencies, and elastic parameters used throughout the calculations.","marker":"[33]"},{"why":"Supplies phonon boundary and bulk absorption physics used to estimate the propagation survival probability.","marker":"[39]"},{"why":"Demonstrates single-shot RF-QPC charge detection, anchoring the noise floor for the predicted induced charge.","marker":"[87]"}],"fun_headline_variants":["0.00745 eV: Ge quantum sensor targets single-phonon sensitivity","Germanium quantum sensor eyes keV dark matter and solar neutrinos","Phonon-to-charge quantum sensor aims for 0.00745 eV threshold","Ge quantum detector: predicted single-phonon sensitivity at 0.00745 eV"],"cache_read_input_tokens":28160,"weakest_assumption_plain":"The load-bearing premise is that shallow impurities in high-purity germanium below 10 K freeze into stable dipole states with a Gaussian confinement of about 10 meV depth and 7 nm width; the paper supports this with its own earlier measurements and reports no new experimental confirmation.","fun_headline_variants_meta":{"raw":{"variants":["0.00745 eV: Ge quantum sensor targets single-phonon sensitivity","Germanium quantum sensor eyes keV dark matter and solar neutrinos","Phonon-to-charge quantum sensor aims for 0.00745 eV threshold","Ge quantum detector: predicted single-phonon sensitivity at 0.00745 eV"]},"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","effort":"low","cost_usd":0.000287,"raw_usage":{"total_tokens":1699,"prompt_tokens":971,"completion_tokens":728,"prompt_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":384},"prompt_cache_hit_tokens":384,"prompt_cache_miss_tokens":587,"completion_tokens_details":{"reasoning_tokens":644}},"tokens_in":587,"tokens_out":728,"duration_ms":8898,"temperature":1.0,"reasoning_tokens":644,"cache_read_input_tokens":384,"cache_creation_input_tokens":0},"cache_creation_input_tokens":0},"created_at":"2026-08-06T20:44:56.025300+00:00","model_set":{"reader":"deepseek-v4-flash"},"falsifier":"Cool a high-purity germanium sample below 10 K, inject known-frequency phonons with a surface-acoustic-wave transducer, and measure the RF-QPC conductance shift as a function of frequency, doping density, and temperature. The paper's chain predicts a resonant response in the 10-30 GHz band with induced charge above $10^{{-3}}$ e; a scan without that resonance, or with the resonance pinned rather than moving with the Onsager radius, would contradict the transduction model.","supporting_citations":[{"cited_title":"Direct detection of MeV-scale dark matter utilizing germanium in- ternal amplification for the charge created by the ionization of impurities,","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Sets the target recoil-energy scale for MeV-scale dark matter in germanium and motivates the sub-eV threshold."},{"cited_title":null,"cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Supplies the deformation-potential Hamiltonian and phonon-displacement formulas used for the charge-phonon coupling estimates."},{"cited_title":"Evidence of cluster dipole states in germanium detectors operating at temperatures below 10 K,","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Reports evidence of cluster dipole states in germanium below 10 K, the basis for the proposed quantum dots."},{"cited_title":"Development of Low-Threshold Detectors for Low-Mass Dark Matter Searches Using an N-Type Germanium Detector at 5.2 K","cited_arxiv_id":"2302.08414","evidence_quote":"Provides fitted n-type germanium low-threshold detector data behind the Gaussian dipole-well parameters."},{"cited_title":"Development of low-threshold detectors for low-mass dark matter searches with a p-type germanium detector operated at cryogenic temperature","cited_arxiv_id":"2303.16807","evidence_quote":"Provides fitted p-type germanium cryogenic detector data behind the Gaussian dipole-well parameters."},{"cited_title":null,"cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Gives germanium's deformation potentials, phonon frequencies, and elastic parameters used throughout the calculations."},{"cited_title":"Thermal boundary resistance,","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Supplies phonon boundary and bulk absorption physics used to estimate the propagation survival probability."},{"cited_title":"Single shot charge detection using a radio-frequency quantum point contact,","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Demonstrates single-shot RF-QPC charge detection, anchoring the noise floor for the predicted induced charge."}],"review_version":1}