{"id":"a8bf6eec-83c2-40e0-a9d2-a3c1ab194e12","arxiv_id":"2507.02609","paper_version":1,"verdict":"CONDITIONAL","confidence":"MODERATE","novelty_score":4.0,"correctness_risk":"medium","formal_verification":"none","parameter_count":2,"one_line_summary":"Excess thermodynamic potentials of melts and glasses of three metallic alloys are shown to coincide in the supercooled liquid range after a revised, integral-based melting entropy is used, and an entropy order parameter correlates with glass-forming ability.","lead":"The paper compares excess enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of three metallic alloys in the supercooled liquid and solid glassy states, and finds the two sets of curves coincide once the melting entropy is calculated as an integral rather than a simple ratio. A new order parameter built from excess entropy is claimed to correlate with the critical cooling rate, i.e. with glass-forming ability.","discovery_kind":"extension","skeptic_critique":{"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","headline":"The claimed melt/glass coincidence for Pt and Zr alloys rests on an unverified 35% melting-entropy correction; without direct DSC data for these two alloys the central claim is supported only for Pd40Ni40P20.","rationale":"The reader identified exactly the same weakest assumption in Sec. 3.3: the 35% correction is transferred from Pd40Ni40P20 to Pt42.5Cu27Ni9.5P21 and Zr35Hf13Al11Ag8Ni8Cu25 without direct melting-entropy measurements. This is the single most load-bearing premise because the paper's headline claim of coincidence for all three alloys depends on the corrected entropy and Gibbs free energy curves for the two alloys where the correction is assumed, not measured. The Pd40Ni40P20 case is genuine, and the enthalpy coincidence is independent of the entropy correction, so those parts of the paper are not in question. The secondary xi_scl-R_c correlation also relies on the corrected entropies for the same two alloys, so it is not a separate concern. A direct measurement or re-analysis of existing melting data would settle the point; if the assumed scaling is wrong, the paper's generalization is unsupported and the verdict should become conditional on replacing the assumption with measured values. Since the reader already recommended a conditional accept pending such data, I do not change the verdict.","tokens_in":18969,"tokens_out":6000,"duration_ms":78522,"concrete_test":"Measure (or retrieve from original raw data) DSC heat flow through the melting region of Pt42.5Cu27Ni9.5P21 and Zr35Hf13Al11Ag8Ni8Cu25, and compute Delta S_melt = (1/T_dot) * integral of Delta W(T)/T dT from solidus to liquidus, using Eq. (11). Recalculate Delta S_corr_L-X with Eq. (12) and Delta Phi_corr_L-X with Eq. (13) using these directly measured entropies, then compare against the glass curves in Figs. 3 and 4. If the curves deviate outside the stated ~4% DSC uncertainty, the central coincidence claim for these two alloys fails. A cheaper first step is to check whether the raw melting-peak data of Neuber et al. (2021) and Ohashi et al. (2022) already permit this integration without new experiments.","verdict_should_be":"UNCHANGED","load_bearing_attack":"In Sec. 3.3 the authors state that because DSC melting thermograms for Pt42.5Cu27Ni9.5P21 and Zr35Hf13Al11Ag8Ni8Cu25 are unavailable, they \"assum[e] the same difference\" as in Pd40Ni40P20 and set Smelt = 15.6 and 9.8 J/mol/K, i.e. 35% above the literature Delta Hf/TL values. This assumed scaling enters Eq. (12) and therefore determines the corrected melt entropy Delta S_corr_L-X(T) and the corrected Gibbs free energy Delta Phi_corr_L-X(T) plotted in Figs. 3(d,f) and 4(b,c). If the actual integral melting entropies differ from the assumed values, the reported coincidence between melt and glass entropy and Gibbs curves for two of the three alloys disappears; only the Pd40Ni40P20 case remains as direct evidence. Because the xi_scl vs R_c correlation in Figs. 6-7 also uses these corrected entropies for the same two alloys, the secondary claim inherits the same uncertainty. The paper itself flags the absence of the melting-region DSC data, so this is a recognized gap rather than a hidden assumption; nevertheless it is the most load-bearing premise for the generalization of the central claim. The enthalpy coincidence does not depend on the entropy correction and is unaffected.","agreement_with_reader":"agree"},"referee_report":{"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","summary":"This manuscript compares the excess thermodynamic potentials (enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy) of undercooled melts and glasses for three metallic glass-forming alloys: Pd40Ni40P20, Pt42.5Cu27Ni9.5P21, and Zr35Hf13Al11Ag8Ni8Cu25. Melt quantities are computed from literature heat capacities and melting data using Eqs. (3)-(5); glass quantities are computed from differential scanning calorimetry using Eqs. (6)-(8). The authors report that the enthalpy agrees in the supercooled liquid range for all three alloys, while entropy and Gibbs free energy agree only after replacing the simple ratio ΔHf/TL by an integral melting entropy ΔSmelt defined in Eq. (11). They also introduce a dimensionless structural order parameter ξ = 1 − ΔSexcess/ΔSmelt and report a correlation between its value at the end of the supercooled liquid range and the critical cooling rate Rc.","tokens_in":19293,"tokens_out":10463,"duration_ms":123572,"significance":"The Pd40Ni40P20 case provides a direct, calorimetry-based test: the integral melting entropy is measured from the same DSC protocol, and the resulting entropy and Gibbs free energy coincidence is a genuine finding. If the result extends to other alloys, the approach would offer a practical route to extracting melt thermodynamic potentials from glass calorimetry and a physically motivated parameter for glass-forming ability. However, for Pt42.5Cu27Ni9.5P21 and Zr35Hf13Al11Ag8Ni8Cu25, the central entropy coincidence is not an independent confirmation because the melting-entropy values are assumed rather than measured. The ξ-Rc correlation also builds on earlier work by the same group. The paper therefore merits publication only after the load-bearing assumption is either removed or explicitly tested.","major_comments":[{"comment":"The central claim that the melt and glass entropy and Gibbs free energy coincide for Pt42.5Cu27Ni9.5P21 and Zr35Hf13Al11Ag8Ni8Cu25 is not supported by independent data. In the paragraph beginning \"Regretfully, DSC thermograms...\" the authors state that melting-region thermograms for these two alloys are unavailable and assume the same 35% difference between ΔSf and ΔSmelt as in Pd40Ni40P20, yielding ΔSmelt = 15.6 and 9.8 J mol−1 K−1. Since Eq. (12) is linear in ΔSmelt, adjusting ΔSmelt by construction shifts the corrected melt entropy onto the glass entropy; the observed coincidence in Figs. 3(d,f) and 4(b,c) is therefore not an independent confirmation. Only the Pd40Ni40P20 case, where ΔSmelt is measured directly from the DSC thermogram via Eq. (11), provides a genuine test. The authors should either supply melting-region DSC data for the other two alloys or clearly rephrase the claim as conditional on the 35% scaling and quantify the sensitivity of the coincidence to that assumption.","section":"Sec. 3.3, Eq. (12), Figs. 3(d,f), 4(b,c)"},{"comment":"The definition of ΔSmelt in Eq. (11) may not be the correct reference for Eq. (12). Equation (11) integrates the heat flow from the solidus TS to the liquidus TL, so it gives S_L(TL) − S_X(TS). Equation (12) then treats this value as the entropy at T = TL and subtracts ∫_T^{TL} ΔCp^{L−X}/T dT, which implicitly refers the crystal entropy to the same temperature T. The difference between the two reference states is ∫_{TS}^{TL} Cp^X/T dT. This term is not visible in the paper; please clarify why it can be neglected or include it in the corrected entropy. Without this clarification, the quantitative value of ΔScorr_{L−X} is not thermodynamically well defined.","section":"Sec. 3.3, Eqs. (11)-(12)"},{"comment":"The ξscl versus Rc correlation inherits the assumed ΔSmelt for Pt42.5Cu27Ni9.5P21 and Zr35Hf13Al11Ag8Ni8Cu25, so it is subject to the same circularity. Moreover, the correlation was already reported by the same group in Ref. [20]; the present contribution is essentially three additional points for which the normalization is not independently measured. The paper should state explicitly what new evidence is added beyond the earlier correlation, or restrict the claim to Pd40Ni40P20.","section":"Sec. 3.6, Eqs. (16)-(17), Fig. 7"}],"minor_comments":[{"comment":"The statement that ΔΦ = ΔH − TΔS is valid only under isothermal conditions is incorrect; G ≡ H − TS holds for any thermodynamic state. If the authors intend to compare integration conventions, they should specify the integration constant in Eq. (15).","section":"Footnote in Sec. 3.4"},{"comment":"The text says \"The excess entropy ΔHG−X(T) for the glassy state ... was calculated using Eq.(6)\"; Eq. (6) gives enthalpy, not entropy. The wording should be corrected to \"excess enthalpy\".","section":"Sec. 3.2"},{"comment":"The phrase \"Pd40Cu30Ni10P20 exhibits the smallest ξscql\" contains a typo: ξscql should read ξscl.","section":"Sec. 3.6"},{"comment":"References [28] and [30] are identical (Inoue, Nishiyama, Kimura, Mater. Trans. JIM 38 (1997) 179); please consolidate them.","section":"References"},{"comment":"The symbol Tf is used for both the melting temperature and the liquidus temperature; please state explicitly that Tf = TL in Eqs. (3)-(5) and (12).","section":"General notation"}],"recommendation":"major_revision","confidential_remarks":"The paper is within the scope of the journal and the Pd40Ni40P20 result is a useful data point. The main blocker is the unjustified 35% melting-entropy scaling applied to the other two alloys, which makes the entropy and Gibbs free energy coincidence circular. The reference-state issue in Eqs. (11)-(12) should also be addressed, as it affects even the Pd case. If the authors can provide direct melting thermograms or a robust sensitivity analysis, the paper could become acceptable."},"author_rebuttal":null,"desk_editor":{"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","letter":"The paper is worth a serious referee, but the scope of its central claim needs to be narrowed. The genuinely new result is the first head-to-head test of the authors' glass-potential formalism (Eqs. 6–8) against literature undercooled-melt data. For Pd40Ni40P20 that test works: the measured integral melting entropy (Eq. 11) removes the offset between glass and melt excess entropy, and the corrected curves coincide. That is real evidence, and the DSC protocol for getting differential heat flow is careful.\n\nThe soft spot is exactly where the stress-test note lands. For Pt42.5Cu27Ni9.5P21 and Zr35Hf13Al11Ag8Ni8Cu25, no melting thermograms exist, so the authors assume the same 35% difference between Delta Hf/TL and the integral melting entropy found for Pd. That assumption enters Eq. (12) and therefore drives the entropy and Gibbs free energy coincidence in Figs. 3(d,f) and 4(b,c). The paper flags this openly, and I credit that, but it is still a load-bearing assumption. If the true integral melting entropies differ, the claimed coincidence for two of the three alloys evaporates. The enthalpy coincidence does not depend on this correction and stands on its own.\n\nAlso incremental: the xi_scl versus Rc correlation was already reported by the same group in Ref. [20]. The new part is applying it to these three alloys and showing that the old Delta Phi_max versus Rc correlation fails. That is a useful negative result, but it does not elevate the novelty.\n\nMinor: the isothermal approximation behind Eqs. (5)/(13) versus the exact Eq. (15) is acknowledged but never quantified in the text. The authors say numerical results are close; a supplementary figure or error estimate would settle it. This is minor and easily fixed.\n\nThe paper is written clearly, the reasoning is coherent, and the authors are honest about missing data. It belongs in the metallic-glass thermodynamics conversation. I would send it to peer review, but as a conditional accept: the authors should either supply direct melting-entropy measurements for the two alloys where they assumed the correction, or explicitly present their results as confirmed only for Pd40Ni40P20 and conjectural elsewhere. Without that, the generalization overreaches.","headline":"One clean test on Pd40Ni40P20 and two contingent ones; the enthalpy agreement is solid, the entropy agreement for Pt and Zr rests on an assumed correction the authors openly flag.","tokens_in":19813,"tokens_out":1515,"would_cite":false,"duration_ms":21662,"reading_group":"maybe","serious_thinker":"yes","would_accept_peer_review":true},"rs_alignment":null,"lean_confirmation":null,"pith_extraction":{"msc":[],"pacs":[],"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","headline":"The paper shows that undercooled liquid and glassy metallic alloys give identical excess enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy in the supercooled liquid range, provided the melting entropy is computed as an integral rather than as…","keywords":["metallic glasses","undercooled liquid","excess entropy","melting entropy","Gibbs free energy","differential scanning calorimetry","order parameter","critical cooling rate"],"falsifier":"Measure the melting DSC thermogram $\\Delta W(T)$ for $\\mathrm{Pt}_{42.5}\\mathrm{Cu}_{27}\\mathrm{Ni}_{9.5}\\mathrm{P}_{21}$ and $\\mathrm{Zr}_{35}\\mathrm{Hf}_{13}\\mathrm{Al}_{11}\\mathrm{Ag}_{8}\\mathrm{Ni}_{8}\\mathrm{Cu}_{25}$, compute $\\Delta S_{\\rm melt}$ by Eq. (11), and check whether it equals $15.6$ and $9.8\\ \\mathrm{J\\,mol^{-1}\\,K^{-1}}$; if the measured values differ, the reported coincidence of excess entropy and Gibbs free energy curves in the supercooled liquid range for those alloys would not survive.","tokens_in":18743,"feed_emoji":"🧊","tokens_out":10684,"duration_ms":95028,"temperature":0.7,"pith_summary":"The paper tests whether the excess thermodynamic potentials of undercooled metallic melts and of solid metallic glasses are the same function of temperature in the supercooled liquid range between the glass transition and crystallization onset. Using three alloys, $\\mathrm{Pd}_{40}\\mathrm{Ni}_{40}\\mathrm{P}_{20}$, $\\mathrm{Pt}_{42.5}\\mathrm{Cu}_{27}\\mathrm{Ni}_{9.5}\\mathrm{P}_{21}$, and $\\mathrm{Zr}_{35}\\mathrm{Hf}_{13}\\mathrm{Al}_{11}\\mathrm{Ag}_{8}\\mathrm{Ni}_{8}\\mathrm{Cu}_{25}$, the authors compare enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy computed from literature heat-capacity data for melts with values computed from their own differential scanning calorimetry of glasses. The enthalpy curves already agree; the entropy and Gibbs free energy curves agree only after the melting entropy is recalculated as an integral of $\\delta Q/T$ over the melting range instead of the ratio $\\Delta H_f/T_L$. This supports a thermodynamic continuity between the glassy state and the undercooled liquid across $T_g$. The paper also introduces an order parameter based on excess entropy that correlates with the critical cooling rate.","feed_headline":"Integral melting entropy unifies melt and glass thermodynamics","feed_subtitle":"Recalculating melting entropy as δQ/T makes melt and glass potentials agree in the supercooled range","key_machinery":"The carrying object is the differential heat flow $\\Delta W^{G-X}(T) = W_G(T) - W_X(T)$ between a relaxed glass and its crystalline counterpart, measured by differential scanning calorimetry at 3 K/min with a crystallized reference sample. Integrating this heat flow gives the glass excess enthalpy $\\Delta H^{G-X} = (1/\\dot{T})\\int_T^{T_{cr}} \\Delta W\\,dT$, excess entropy $\\Delta S^{G-X} = (1/\\dot{T})\\int_T^{T_{cr}} (\\Delta W/T)\\,dT$, and excess Gibbs free energy $\\Delta \\Phi^{G-X} = \\int_T^{T_{cr}} \\Delta S^{G-X}\\,dT$ (Eqs. 6--8). The second load-bearing element is the integral melting entropy $\\Delta S_{\\rm melt} = (1/\\dot{T})\\int_{T_S}^{T_L} \\Delta W(T)/T\\,dT$, which replaces $\\Delta H_f/T_L$ in the melt-side entropy formula, giving the corrected excess entropy used in Eq. (12). The order parameter $\\xi = 1 - \\Delta S_{\\rm excess}/\\Delta S_{\\rm melt}$ then quantifies structural order, running from 0 for the fully liquid-like state to 1 for the crystal-like state.","core_discovery":"The central discovery is that the excess entropy of an undercooled melt, evaluated with the melting entropy taken as $\\Delta S_{\\rm melt} = (1/\\dot{T})\\int_{T_S}^{T_L} \\Delta W(T)/T\\,dT$, coincides with the excess entropy of the corresponding glass obtained from differential scanning calorimetry, and that the same corrected entropy makes the excess Gibbs free energies coincide. The conventional choice $\\Delta S_f = \\Delta H_f/T_L$ underestimates the melting entropy: for $\\mathrm{Pd}_{40}\\mathrm{Ni}_{40}\\mathrm{P}_{20}$ it gives $10.6\\ \\mathrm{J\\,mol^{-1}\\,K^{-1}}$ while the integral gives $14.2\\ \\mathrm{J\\,mol^{-1}\\,K^{-1}}$, a 35 percent difference. With the corrected melting entropy, the melt and glass curves for $\\Delta S$ and $\\Delta \\Phi$ coincide in the range $T_g < T < T_x$ for all three alloys. The corrected entropy also defines an order parameter $\\xi = 1 - \\Delta S_{\\rm excess}/\\Delta S_{\\rm melt}$ whose value just below the crystallization onset, $\\xi_{\\rm scl}$, increases with the critical cooling rate $R_c$.","pith_inferences":["If the equality of excess entropy between glass and undercooled melt holds generally, the structural (configurational) entropy is effectively fixed at $T_g$, so the glass can be treated as an isoconfigurational snapshot of the equilibrium liquid; this would link the present calorimetric result to entropy-based theories of glass formation.","The assumed transfer of the 35 percent melting-entropy correction from $\\mathrm{Pd}_{40}\\mathrm{Ni}_{40}\\mathrm{P}_{20}$ to the other two alloys is directly testable: measuring their melting thermograms would either confirm the reported coincidence or show that it is an artifact.","The same comparison could be extended to non-metallic glass formers and to different heating rates, which would reveal whether the coincidence is universal or specific to these alloys and to the 3 K/min protocol.","A practical use of the $\\xi_{\\rm scl}$--$R_c$ correlation would be to estimate critical cooling rates from calorimetric data alone for newly synthesized glass-forming compositions, without rapid-quenching experiments."],"forward_implications":["Entropy and Gibbs free energy of an undercooled melt can be recovered from DSC measurements on the glassy state alone in the supercooled liquid range, avoiding direct calorimetry on metastable melts.","The common approximation $\\Delta S_f = \\Delta H_f/T_L$ systematically underestimates the melting entropy, and the resulting error propagates into the melt excess entropy and Gibbs free energy; for $\\mathrm{Pd}_{40}\\mathrm{Ni}_{40}\\mathrm{P}_{20}$ the underestimate is 35 percent.","The maximum of the excess Gibbs free energy curve does not correlate with the critical cooling rate, so this quantity should not be used as a glass-forming-ability indicator.","The order parameter $\\xi_{\\rm scl}$ at the end of the supercooled liquid range provides a thermodynamic proxy for glass-forming ability: smaller $\\xi_{\\rm scl}$ corresponds to smaller $R_c$."],"supporting_citations":[{"why":"Supplies the DSC-based equations (6)-(8) that convert differential heat flow into excess enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of the glass.","marker":"[16]"},{"why":"Establishes the connection between excess entropy of metallic glasses and glass-forming ability that motivates the comparison.","marker":"[18]"},{"why":"Introduces the dimensionless structural-ordering parameter and the integral melting entropy used in Eq. (11).","marker":"[20]"},{"why":"Provides literature heat-capacity and thermodynamic data for the Pd40Ni40P20 undercooled melt.","marker":"[23]"},{"why":"Provides additional Pd-based melt thermodynamic data used alongside Ref. [23] for Pd40Ni40P20.","marker":"[24]"},{"why":"Supplies the heat-capacity, melting, and thermodynamic data for Pt42.5Cu27Ni9.5P21.","marker":"[25]"},{"why":"Supplies the heat-capacity, melting, and critical-cooling-rate data for Zr35Hf13Al11Ag8Ni8Cu25.","marker":"[26]"},{"why":"Supplies the general thermodynamic relation dS = δQ/T on which the integral melting entropy argument rests.","marker":"[27]"},{"why":"Supplies the critical cooling rate for Pt-Cu-Ni-P liquids.","marker":"[29]"},{"why":"Supplies the critical cooling rate for Pd40Cu30Ni10P20, the benchmark good glass former.","marker":"[30]"}],"fun_headline_variants":["Melting entropy integral aligns melt and glass potentials","Integral melting entropy links undercooled melt to glass","Entropy integral fixes melt-glass thermodynamic gap","Order parameter from entropy predicts cooling rate","Recalculated melting entropy merges melt and glass states"],"cache_read_input_tokens":3200,"weakest_assumption_plain":"The load-bearing premise is that the 35 percent difference between the integral melting entropy $\\Delta S_{\\rm melt}$ and the simple ratio $\\Delta H_f/T_L$ measured for $\\mathrm{Pd}_{40}\\mathrm{Ni}_{40}\\mathrm{P}_{20}$ applies unchanged to $\\mathrm{Pt}_{42.5}\\mathrm{Cu}_{27}\\mathrm{Ni}_{9.5}\\mathrm{P}_{21}$ and $\\mathrm{Zr}_{35}\\mathrm{Hf}_{13}\\mathrm{Al}_{11}\\mathrm{Ag}_{8}\\mathrm{Ni}_{8}\\mathrm{Cu}_{25}$, for which no melting thermograms are available.","fun_headline_variants_meta":{"raw":{"variants":["Melting entropy integral aligns melt and glass potentials","Integral melting entropy links undercooled melt to glass","Entropy integral fixes melt-glass thermodynamic gap","Order parameter from entropy predicts cooling rate","Recalculated melting entropy merges melt and glass states"]},"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","effort":"low","cost_usd":0.000216,"raw_usage":{"total_tokens":1506,"prompt_tokens":1090,"completion_tokens":416,"prompt_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":384},"prompt_cache_hit_tokens":384,"prompt_cache_miss_tokens":706,"completion_tokens_details":{"reasoning_tokens":344}},"tokens_in":706,"tokens_out":416,"duration_ms":4270,"temperature":1.0,"reasoning_tokens":344,"cache_read_input_tokens":384,"cache_creation_input_tokens":0},"cache_creation_input_tokens":0},"created_at":"2026-08-06T20:25:20.107742+00:00","model_set":{"reader":"deepseek-v4-flash"},"falsifier":"Measure the melting DSC thermogram $\\Delta W(T)$ for $\\mathrm{Pt}_{42.5}\\mathrm{Cu}_{27}\\mathrm{Ni}_{9.5}\\mathrm{P}_{21}$ and $\\mathrm{Zr}_{35}\\mathrm{Hf}_{13}\\mathrm{Al}_{11}\\mathrm{Ag}_{8}\\mathrm{Ni}_{8}\\mathrm{Cu}_{25}$, compute $\\Delta S_{\\rm melt}$ by Eq. (11), and check whether it equals $15.6$ and $9.8\\ \\mathrm{J\\,mol^{-1}\\,K^{-1}}$; if the measured values differ, the reported coincidence of excess entropy and Gibbs free energy curves in the supercooled liquid range for those alloys would not survive.","supporting_citations":[{"cited_title":"Makarov, G.V","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Supplies the DSC-based equations (6)-(8) that convert differential heat flow into excess enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of the glass."},{"cited_title":"Makarov, R.A","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Establishes the connection between excess entropy of metallic glasses and glass-forming ability that motivates the comparison."},{"cited_title":"Wilde, G.P","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Provides literature heat-capacity and thermodynamic data for the Pd40Ni40P20 undercooled melt."},{"cited_title":null,"cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Provides additional Pd-based melt thermodynamic data used alongside Ref. [23] for Pd40Ni40P20."},{"cited_title":"Neuber, O","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Supplies the heat-capacity, melting, and thermodynamic data for Pt42.5Cu27Ni9.5P21."},{"cited_title":"Ohashi, T","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Supplies the heat-capacity, melting, and critical-cooling-rate data for Zr35Hf13Al11Ag8Ni8Cu25."},{"cited_title":null,"cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Supplies the general thermodynamic relation dS = δQ/T on which the integral melting entropy argument rests."},{"cited_title":"Gross, S.S","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Supplies the critical cooling rate for Pt-Cu-Ni-P liquids."},{"cited_title":"Inoue, N","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Supplies the critical cooling rate for Pd40Cu30Ni10P20, the benchmark good glass former."}],"review_version":1}