{"id":"4e175af7-498f-4905-8dcd-dbd0e75139d2","arxiv_id":"2507.04193","paper_version":1,"verdict":"CONDITIONAL","confidence":"MODERATE","novelty_score":6.0,"correctness_risk":"medium","formal_verification":"none","parameter_count":2,"one_line_summary":"A combined IceCube plus KM3NeT analysis of Galactic plane neutrinos could probe quasi-Dirac mass splittings and neutrino decay parameters in previously unexplored ranges.","lead":"The paper forecasts how well the IceCube and KM3NeT detectors could see signs of tiny differences between neutrino masses, or of neutrinos decaying, by studying neutrinos that travel across the Milky Way. It finds that combining both detectors would probe effects in ranges no experiment has tested yet.","discovery_kind":"new_application","skeptic_critique":{"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","headline":"Projected QD/decay reach rests on an unaudited 3D emission model; the ad hoc ×5 flux rescale does not validate the distance-dependent emissivity that sets the L/E distribution.","rationale":"I read the paper in good faith as a forecast. The BSM probability formulas and the Poisson likelihood construction are standard; the detector response inputs come from published IceCube and KM3NeT papers, and the paper explicitly marginalizes over the overall flux normalization. The load-bearing assumption is the TANDEM 3D emissivity map, which supplies the distance distribution of Galactic neutrino production. That distribution enters every QD oscillation phase and every decay survival probability through Eq. (1), so the Fig. 3 reach cannot be audited without the map or an equivalent public model. The ×5 flux rescale mentioned in Sec. 3 changes only the total event rate and does not validate the shape of the L/E distribution. I agree with the reader that this is the weakest assumption. I additionally flag the abstract's upper bound 10^{11.6} eV^2, which is inconsistent with Fig. 3 and with the text's statement of 'several decades'; if not a typo for 10^{-11.6} eV^2, the headline result is misstated. That said, the inconsistency is fixable and does not by itself invalidate the qualitative conclusion. My recommended test, recomputing the sensitivity with an alternative public 3D model, would determine whether the quoted ranges are robust or source-model dependent. Since the reader already returned CONDITIONAL and my analysis reinforces that condition without overturning it, the verdict remains unchanged.","tokens_in":6347,"tokens_out":12816,"duration_ms":140450,"concrete_test":"Replace TANDEM's distance-dependent emissivity with a public 3D CR-propagation model (e.g., the CRINGE-based model of [19], or a CRPropa run using the same magnetic field and gas maps) and recompute the binned event rates and median TS curves in Figs. 2–3, fixing the total normalization to the measured Galactic-plane flux. If the >1 sigma reach in delta-m^2 or alpha shifts by more than ~0.5 decades, the quoted sensitivity is source-model dependent and should be accompanied by a systematic band.","verdict_should_be":"UNCHANGED","load_bearing_attack":"The paper's central forecast is controlled by the L/E distribution of the Galactic neutrino flux. In Eq. (1), the quasi-Dirac oscillation phase and the decay attenuation both depend on the propagation distance L, and the observed diffuse flux is a line-of-sight integral over the TANDEM three-dimensional emissivity. TANDEM is not publicly documented; it is cited only to an APS meeting abstract [10], and no validation is shown against the measured IceCube Galactic-plane flux or against the gas maps [13,14]. The only calibration applied, multiplying TANDEM by a factor of 5 (Sec. 3), adjusts the total normalization and does not constrain the distance profile, spectral shape, or their correlations. If TANDEM over-concentrates emissivity at large distances, decay attenuation is overestimated; if the distance spread is too narrow, QD oscillations appear sharper than in reality; if the spectral index is off, the oscillation phase versus reconstructed energy shifts. Because the quoted sensitivity ranges in Fig. 3 and the abstract depend on this unaudited input, the central claim is conditional on a source model that has not been independently checked. In addition, the abstract's upper bound 10^{11.6} eV^2 contradicts Fig. 3 (where the test statistic falls to zero near 10^{-10} eV^2) and the text's 'several decades'; this should be corrected, but the TANDEM dependence is the deeper issue.","agreement_with_reader":"agree"},"referee_report":{"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","summary":"The paper proposes using the recently observed Galactic-plane neutrino flux, modeled with the three-dimensional TANDEM emissivity map, as a new ultra-long-baseline probe of quasi-Dirac neutrino mass splittings and neutrino decay. For a 2035 combined analysis of IceCube cascade events and KM3NeT/ARCA track events, it claims >1σ sensitivity to quasi-Dirac splittings 10^{-14.0} eV^2 ≲ δm^2 ≲ 10^{11.6} eV^2 and to decay parameters m/τ ≳ 10^{-14.1} eV^2, with additional >2σ reach and 'several decades' of previously unprobed parameter space. The analysis uses the propagation probabilities in Eq. (1), a binned Poisson likelihood with marginalization over the overall Galactic flux normalization, and detector responses taken from published IceCube and KM3NeT references.","tokens_in":6589,"tokens_out":6629,"duration_ms":76695,"significance":"The idea is timely and well motivated: the measured Galactic-plane emission opens a genuinely new L/E window at kiloparsec baselines and TeV energies, and a combined track-plus-cascade analysis is a sensible way to exploit both spectral and flavor information. The paper has several real strengths: it builds on published detector response and background calculations, it marginalizes rather than tunes the overall flux normalization, and it is explicit about why sensitivity to large splittings is lost after that marginalization. If the TANDEM input were publicly documented and validated, and if the visible-decay model were precisely specified, the projected sensitivity curves would be a useful first map of this new parameter space. As the manuscript stands, however, the central quantitative claims rest on an undocumented source model and the abstract contains a range that is not supported by the figure and text, so the significance cannot yet be assessed at the level claimed.","major_comments":[{"comment":"The central input to the calculation is the TANDEM three-dimensional neutrino emissivity map, but this map is cited only to an APS meeting abstract [10] and is described in the text as 'upcoming'; no public map, code, or validation is provided. The sensitivity in Fig. 3 is controlled by the distance- and energy-dependent emissivity through Eq. (1), because L/E sets both the QD oscillation phase and the decay attenuation, so an undocumented or incorrect spatial distribution could shift or shrink the quoted reach. The factor-of-5 rescale in Section 3 is a global normalization change and, since the analysis marginalizes the overall flux normalization, it does not validate the distance profile or spectral shape and is not by itself a sufficient check against the measured IceCube Galactic-plane flux or the gas maps [13,14]. Please make the TANDEM map available or show cross-checks against independent emissivity models, and demonstrate that the conclusions are stable under plausible variations of the three-dimensional source distribution.","section":"Section 2 and reference [10]"},{"comment":"The abstract's upper bound δm^2 ≲ 10^{11.6} eV^2 is inconsistent with the rest of the paper. In Fig. 3 (left panel) the median test statistic returns to zero near 10^{-10} eV^2, and the text explicitly states that sensitivity to larger δm^2 is lost because the oscillations average out and the resulting normalization difference is absorbed by the marginalization procedure. The phrase 'several decades' also describes a much narrower range. Please correct the abstract so that the quoted range matches the figure and the text; based on the displayed curves the supported >1σ range appears to be roughly 10^{-14.0} eV^2 ≲ δm^2 ≲ 10^{-10} eV^2.","section":"Abstract and Fig. 3"},{"comment":"The visible ν3→ν1 decay scenario is one of the central results in Fig. 3, but its propagation probability is never written down. Equation (1) contains only the exponential attenuation factor exp(-α_i L/E_ν) for the decaying mass eigenstate; it does not include the daughter neutrino contribution that must appear in the visible-decay case. The text says there is 'a resulting boost to the decay product mass state flux' but gives no formula or algorithm specifying how the daughter flux is assigned in energy and flavor, nor how the quasi-degenerate mass assumption is implemented. Without this specification, the ν3→ν1 sensitivity curve in Fig. 3 is not reproducible. Please add the explicit visible-decay model, including the daughter term and the assumed mass ordering and kinematics.","section":"Section 2, Eq. (1)"},{"comment":"The projected sensitivities are evaluated with a statistical-only likelihood and a single marginalized normalization, with no systematic uncertainties on the TANDEM emissivity, the atmospheric background flux (H3a_SYBYLL23C), the energy and angular resolutions, or the effective areas. For a 2035 forecast that claims definite >1σ and >2σ reach, at least a representative systematic treatment should be presented or the claims should be explicitly labeled as statistical-only projections. In particular, an energy-scale uncertainty directly changes the reconstructed L/E argument and could shift the inferred δm^2 or α contours; this should be quantified or discussed.","section":"Section 3"}],"minor_comments":[{"comment":"The y-axis label of Fig. 3 appears garbled as '⟨□2∆LLH ⟩'; please define the test statistic explicitly (for example, the median of sqrt(2ΔLLH) over background-only pseudo-experiments) in the text or caption.","section":"Fig. 3 caption and axis"},{"comment":"There is a typo in 'simualtate' (should be 'simulate'), and the atmospheric background model is likely 'H3a_SIBYLL23C' rather than 'H3a_SYBYLL23C'; please check the naming.","section":"Section 2"},{"comment":"The assumption that all three active-sterile QD mass splittings are equal is stated but not discussed; a sentence on how unequal splittings would affect the flavor ratio and the quoted reach would help the reader judge the generality of the result.","section":"Section 2, QD assumption"},{"comment":"The statement that the combined sensitivity is 'greater than the sum of the individual sensitivities' in the decay scenarios is not demonstrated quantitatively; please show or clarify the decomposition, since it is used to motivate the flavor-discrimination argument.","section":"Section 3"}],"recommendation":"major_revision","confidential_remarks":"The paper is an ICRC proceedings contribution, but the issues are more than presentation-level: the abstract range is internally inconsistent with Fig. 3, the visible-decay model is undefined, and the central TANDEM input is not publicly documented. These are fixable in a revision, but the current version should not be endorsed as a reliable forecast without the corrections and additional validation. I would also encourage the editor to verify that the later full TANDEM publication is cited once available."},"author_rebuttal":null,"desk_editor":{"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","letter":"The interesting thing here is that the paper actually opens a new window: it takes the measured diffuse Galactic plane flux and, using a distance-resolved 3D emission model, shows that a combined IceCube+KM3NeT analysis in 2035 could probe quasi-Dirac mass splittings and neutrino lifetimes that are inaccessible to solar, atmospheric, reactor, and accelerator experiments. That is a genuinely new quantitative forecast, and the basic physics is standard: the QD oscillation probability and decay attenuation formulas are textbook, and the statistical treatment (binned Poisson likelihood, marginalization over overall normalization) is sensible.\n\nWhat the paper does well: it is honest. The authors acknowledge that TANDEM's absolute flux is a factor of 5 low compared with the current best-fit CRINGE model, they apply an ad hoc rescale and then marginalize over the global normalization, so they are not pretending to know the absolute flux. They also use published effective areas and resolutions for both IceCube and KM3NeT, and the logic of combining cascade and track channels for flavor sensitivity is clearly correct.\n\nThe soft spots are real, and one is load-bearing. The entire L/E distribution, which controls the QD oscillation phase and decay attenuation, comes from TANDEM, a model that is cited only to an APS meeting abstract. The factor-of-5 rescale adjusts total normalization; it does nothing to constrain the distance profile or spectral shape, which are what set the L/E distribution. If TANDEM over-concentrates emission at large distances, decay sensitivity is overestimated; if the distance spread is too narrow, QD oscillations look sharper than in reality. For a paper whose central claim is a projected sensitivity curve, that is a serious underlying assumption. It does not invalidate the analysis, but it means the curves should be read as conditional on a model that nobody outside the group can currently audit.\n\nSecond, the abstract's upper bound of 10^{11.6} eV^2 is clearly at odds with Fig. 3, where the test statistic falls to zero near 10^{-10} eV^2. The text says \"several decades,\" which is consistent with the figure, so this looks like a typo, but it should be fixed before publication. Third, there are no systematic uncertainties shown—no variation of the emission model, no accounting for uncertainties in the gas maps or magnetic field, and no detector systematics. For an ICRC proceedings that is arguably acceptable, but for a journal article it would not be.\n\nThe paper deserves a serious referee. The physics case is coherent, the calculation is transparent, and the forecast is a useful input for planning Galactic-plane analyses. A referee should ask for a public description of TANDEM, a systematic check against the observed flux and gas maps, and a correction of the abstract. If those are addressed, I would cite this as a reference for projected BSM sensitivity and would bring it to a reading group as an example of how to combine experiments for flavor-sensitive searches.","headline":"A useful proof-of-concept forecast for quasi-Dirac and decaying-neutrino searches with the Galactic plane flux, but the reach hinges on an unaudited 3D emission model and the abstract contains an exponent error.","tokens_in":7159,"tokens_out":1998,"would_cite":true,"duration_ms":25151,"reading_group":"yes","serious_thinker":"yes","would_accept_peer_review":true},"rs_alignment":null,"lean_confirmation":null,"pith_extraction":{"msc":[],"pacs":[],"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","headline":"The paper claims that a combined IceCube and KM3NeT analysis of Milky Way neutrinos by 2035 could probe quasi-Dirac mass splittings and neutrino lifetimes in currently unexplored ranges.","keywords":["quasi-Dirac neutrinos","neutrino decay","Galactic plane neutrinos","IceCube","KM3NeT/ARCA","neutrino lifetime","TANDEM emission model","ultra-long-baseline oscillations"],"falsifier":"If the 2035 Galactic-plane dataset, binned in reconstructed energy and angle for both cascades and tracks, is fully described by the Standard Model null with a free normalization and shows no oscillatory spectral modulation or flavor-ratio energy dependence, the claimed sensitivity ranges would be falsified. A faster check is to run the same Poisson likelihood ratio on the existing IceCube cascade data used for the $4.5\\sigma$ detection: finding no $>1\\sigma$ preference at the claimed $\\delta m^2$ and $m/\\tau$ values would show that the forecast rests on the assumed 2035 exposure and on TANDEM's baseline weighting.","tokens_in":6116,"feed_emoji":"🌌","tokens_out":16664,"duration_ms":159160,"temperature":0.7,"pith_summary":"The paper's thesis is that the recently detected diffuse neutrino glow of the Milky Way supplies an ultra-long baseline for neutrino physics: TeV neutrinos born kiloparsecs away have $L/E$ values far beyond any laboratory or solar beam, so tiny quasi-Dirac mass splittings and slow decays that are otherwise invisible should leave measurable imprints on the energy spectrum and flavor content. The authors use the TANDEM three-dimensional emission model to give each line of sight a distance, then simulate a 2035 joint analysis of IceCube cascades and KM3NeT/ARCA tracks. They find projected $>1\\sigma$ sensitivity to several decades of unexplored quasi-Dirac parameter space at small $\\delta m^2$ and to decay parameters $m/\\tau \\gtrsim 10^{-14.1}$ eV$^2$. If these forecasts hold, the combined telescopes would map a new region of neutrino mass and lifetime parameter space that terrestrial experiments cannot reach.","feed_headline":"Galaxy neutrinos could open an uncharted window on neutrino mass","feed_subtitle":"A 2035 IceCube plus KM3NeT analysis of Milky Way neutrinos could see tiny quasi-Dirac splittings and neutrino decay.","key_machinery":"The load-bearing quantity is the ratio $L/E$. Kiloparsec Galactic baselines and TeV neutrino energies move $L/E$ into a regime where even $\\delta m^2 \\sim 10^{-14}$ eV$^2$ can produce visible effects, through the quasi-Dirac probability $P^{\\mathrm{QD}}_{\\alpha\\beta} = \\sum_i |U_{\\alpha i}|^2|U_{\\beta i}|^2 \\cos^2(\\delta m_i^2 L/4E_\\nu)$ and the decay probability $P^{\\mathrm{decay}}_{\\alpha\\beta} = \\sum_i |U_{\\alpha i}|^2|U_{\\beta i}|^2 \\exp(-\\alpha_i L/E_\\nu)$ with $\\alpha_i \\equiv m_i/\\tau_i$. The TANDEM map of Galactic neutrino emissivity in three dimensions converts the diffuse flux into a weighted distribution of baselines, and the analysis compares binned Poisson event counts in reconstructed energy and angle between the null Standard Model and each beyond-Standard-Model scenario, marginalizing the overall flux normalization.","core_discovery":"The paper's central claim is that the measured Galactic-plane neutrino flux can serve as a true ultra-long-baseline beam for neutrino physics: TeV neutrinos traveling kiloparsecs make mass-splitting and lifetime scales near $10^{-14}$ eV$^2$ observable. In the quasi-Dirac model, the flavor survival probability becomes a sum of terms $\\cos^2(\\delta m_i^2 L/4E_\\nu)$, so a small active-sterile splitting imprints an energy-dependent spectral modulation; in decay models, the $\\nu_3$ flux is attenuated by $\\exp(-\\alpha_3 L/E_\\nu)$, and if the decay is visible the $\\nu_1$ flux is boosted, changing the flavor ratio. A binned Poisson likelihood analysis of simulated 2035 IceCube cascades and KM3NeT/ARCA tracks, with the overall Galactic flux normalization marginalized, yields projected $>1\\sigma$ sensitivity to several decades of unprobed $\\delta m^2$ and to $\\alpha_3 = m_3/\\tau_3 \\gtrsim 10^{-14.1}$ eV$^2$. The authors stress that the cascade-plus-track combination is what breaks normalization degeneracies in flavor-changing decay scenarios.","pith_inferences":["I treat the abstract's upper bound of $10^{11.6}$ eV$^2$ as a typographical slip: Figure 3's test statistic returns to zero near $10^{-10}$ eV$^2$, and the text describes the QD reach as several decades. The defensible claim is the small-splitting, long-lifetime end of parameter space.","The TANDEM map averages over many baselines along each line of sight, which washes out sharp oscillation features; a resolved source with a known distance, or a Galactic supernova neutrino burst, could isolate a single $L/E$ and sharpen the same search.","The same $L/E$ lever arm is a general probe: any propagation effect with an $L/E$-dependent probability, such as neutrino decoherence, non-standard interactions, or Lorentz-violating oscillations, could be tested with the same 2035 simulation machinery.","The factor-of-five flux reweighting is the main source-model handle: if future Galactic emission maps move the predicted distance distribution, the exact boundaries of the sensitivity regions will move with them."],"forward_implications":["A 2035 joint IceCube cascade plus KM3NeT track fit would reach quasi-Dirac splittings down to $\\delta m^2 \\sim 10^{-14}$ eV$^2$, far below current solar and atmospheric oscillation sensitivities.","Neutrino lifetimes with $m/\\tau \\gtrsim 10^{-14.1}$ eV$^2$ would begin to be excluded or discovered at more than $1\\sigma$.","In the visible-decay scenario ($\\nu_3 \\to \\nu_1$), the combined cascade and track analysis sees a flavor-ratio shift that neither detector alone could separate from an overall normalization change.","Because quasi-Dirac oscillations in this setup do not change flavor, the two experiments add coherently in that channel; because decay does change flavor, the combined decay sensitivity exceeds the sum of the individual sensitivities.","Future telescopes with more $L/E$ baselines and better angular resolution would extend this program, as the paper notes."],"supporting_citations":[{"why":"Supplies TANDEM, the three-dimensional Galactic neutrino emissivity template that fixes the distance and therefore the L/E distribution of every line of sight; the paper rescales its flux by a factor of five.","marker":"[10]"},{"why":"Reports the IceCube $4.5\\sigma$ Galactic-plane detection and provides the cascade effective areas and energy and angular resolutions used for the IceCube simulation.","marker":"[5]"},{"why":"Defines the KM3NeT/ARCA track-channel response and resolutions that give the complementary flavor and angular sensitivity.","marker":"[17]"},{"why":"Formulates the quasi-Dirac neutrino model whose ultra-fine active-sterile mass splittings drive the oscillation probability tested here.","marker":"[3]"},{"why":"Provides the neutrino decay formalism, including visible and invisible decay channels and the lifetime-to-decay-parameter mapping.","marker":"[4]"},{"why":"Supplies the atmospheric muon self-veto passing fractions used to model backgrounds for both detectors.","marker":"[18]"},{"why":"Its best-fit Galactic neutrino fluxes motivate the factor-of-five rescaling of TANDEM to match the observed total emission.","marker":"[19]"},{"why":"The KATRIN absolute neutrino mass bound supports the quasi-degenerate mass configuration assumed for the visible decay scenario.","marker":"[15]"},{"why":"Disfavors equal lifetimes for all mass states, justifying the choice of $\\nu_3$ as the only unstable state in the decay scenarios.","marker":"[16]"},{"why":"Supplies the cosmic-ray propagation code used to generate the TANDEM emissivity map.","marker":"[11]"}],"fun_headline_variants":["Milky Way neutrinos could reveal quantum mass splittings","Galactic-plane neutrinos as ultra-long-baseline probe","New neutrino physics via kiloparsec-long Milky Way beam","Tiny neutrino masses tested with galaxy-scale experiment","IceCube and KM3NeT turn Milky Way into neutrino lab"],"cache_read_input_tokens":3200,"weakest_assumption_plain":"The claim stands or falls on TANDEM's three-dimensional distance-and-energy emissivity map, including the factor-of-five boost used to match the observed total flux: if that map misplaces where the neutrinos are produced, the claimed sensitivity ranges shift.","fun_headline_variants_meta":{"raw":{"variants":["Milky Way neutrinos could reveal quantum mass splittings","Galactic-plane neutrinos as ultra-long-baseline probe","New neutrino physics via kiloparsec-long Milky Way beam","Tiny neutrino masses tested with galaxy-scale experiment","IceCube and KM3NeT turn Milky Way into neutrino lab"]},"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","effort":"low","cost_usd":0.00025,"raw_usage":{"total_tokens":1607,"prompt_tokens":1052,"completion_tokens":555,"prompt_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":384},"prompt_cache_hit_tokens":384,"prompt_cache_miss_tokens":668,"completion_tokens_details":{"reasoning_tokens":472}},"tokens_in":668,"tokens_out":555,"duration_ms":8001,"temperature":1.0,"reasoning_tokens":472,"cache_read_input_tokens":384,"cache_creation_input_tokens":0},"cache_creation_input_tokens":0},"created_at":"2026-08-06T19:53:59.808951+00:00","model_set":{"reader":"deepseek-v4-flash"},"falsifier":"If the 2035 Galactic-plane dataset, binned in reconstructed energy and angle for both cascades and tracks, is fully described by the Standard Model null with a free normalization and shows no oscillatory spectral modulation or flavor-ratio energy dependence, the claimed sensitivity ranges would be falsified. A faster check is to run the same Poisson likelihood ratio on the existing IceCube cascade data used for the $4.5\\sigma$ detection: finding no $>1\\sigma$ preference at the claimed $\\delta m^2$ and $m/\\tau$ values would show that the forecast rests on the assumed 2035 exposure and on TANDEM's baseline weighting.","supporting_citations":[{"cited_title":"ANewMapofNeutrinoEmissioninOurGalaxywithCRPropa","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Supplies TANDEM, the three-dimensional Galactic neutrino emissivity template that fixes the distance and therefore the L/E distribution of every line of sight; the paper rescales its flux by a factor of five."},{"cited_title":"Aiello et al","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Defines the KM3NeT/ARCA track-channel response and resolutions that give the complementary flavor and angular sensitivity."},{"cited_title":"Pseudo-Dirac Neutrinos in the New Standard Model.Phys","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Formulates the quasi-Dirac neutrino model whose ultra-fine active-sterile mass splittings drive the oscillation probability tested here."},{"cited_title":"Beacom and Nicole F","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Provides the neutrino decay formalism, including visible and invisible decay channels and the lifetime-to-decay-parameter mapping."},{"cited_title":"Argüelles, Sergio Palomares-Ruiz, Austin Schneider, Logan Wille, and Tianlu Yuan","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Supplies the atmospheric muon self-veto passing fractions used to model backgrounds for both detectors."},{"cited_title":"Diffuse Emission of Galactic High-energy Neutrinos from a Global Fit of Cosmic Rays.Astrophys","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Its best-fit Galactic neutrino fluxes motivate the factor-of-five rescaling of TANDEM to match the observed total emission."},{"cited_title":"Direct neutrino-mass measurement based on 259 days of KATRIN data","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"The KATRIN absolute neutrino mass bound supports the quasi-degenerate mass configuration assumed for the visible decay scenario."},{"cited_title":"SN1987A and neutrino non-radiative decay","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Disfavors equal lifetimes for all mass states, justifying the choice of $\\nu_3$ as the only unstable state in the decay scenarios."},{"cited_title":"CRPropa 3.2 — an advanced framework for high-energy particle propagation in extragalactic and galactic spaces.JCAP, 09:035, 2022","cited_arxiv_id":null,"evidence_quote":"Supplies the cosmic-ray propagation code used to generate the TANDEM emissivity map."}],"review_version":1}