{"id":"9f358cc7-d66a-41b1-afef-9ad7de98c6e7","arxiv_id":"2607.07602","paper_version":1,"verdict":"CONDITIONAL","confidence":"MODERATE","novelty_score":6.0,"correctness_risk":"unknown","formal_verification":"none","parameter_count":6,"one_line_summary":"An open quantum system treatment of curvature perturbations during Ultra-Slow-Roll inflation shows that environmental decoherence erases the interference dip, modifies the growth slope, and induces oscillatory features in the scalar power spectrum and scalar-induced gravitational waves.","lead":"This paper shows that when quantum decoherence occurs during a transient Ultra-Slow-Roll phase of cosmic inflation, it leaves measurable distortions in the primordial power spectrum and in gravitational waves potentially detectable by LISA. A smart generalist might read it because it connects abstract quantum information theory to concrete, observable signatures of the early universe.","discovery_kind":"unclear","skeptic_critique":{"model":"glm-5.2","headline":"The strong-coupling regime (λ/H = 5) that drives the most observationally significant signatures lacks a self-consistency check on the Gaussian truncation of the effective Lagrangian.","rationale":"The reader correctly identified the EFT validity at strong coupling as the weakest assumption. I have made this concern more concrete by estimating the size of neglected cubic corrections: (λ/H)² × P_ζ ~ 0.25 at λ/H = 5, which is not parametrically suppressed relative to the O(1) spectral modifications being computed. The weak-coupling results (λ/H = 0.05), including the physically motivated dip-erasure mechanism at m/H ≈ 1, are robust and represent a legitimate contribution. The transport equations are correctly derived (I verified Eq. A4a against the Hamiltonian in Eq. A2) and the method is exact within the Gaussian model. The SIGW calculation (Eqs. 23-24) is standard and self-consistent with the Gaussian power spectrum. The Born-Oppenheimer assumption (footnote 3) only enters the initial state factorization, not the dynamics, which are treated exactly — this is a minor concern. The Gaussian-only limitation for PBH predictions is acknowledged by the authors (Sec. V) and does not affect the power spectrum or SIGW claims. The verdict of CONDITIONAL is appropriate: the weak-coupling results stand on their own, but the strong-coupling results — which carry the LISA-detectability claim — need a self-consistency check before they can be relied upon quantitatively.","tokens_in":17295,"tokens_out":11939,"duration_ms":822743,"concrete_test":"Starting from a concrete two-field UV model that reproduces Eq. 6 at quadratic order (e.g., a model with field-space curvature R_FS and a potential V(φ,χ) whose Hessian gives the entropic mass), identify the leading cubic interaction (typically ~λ²a⁴vu²/z from expanding the kinetic mixing beyond bilinear order, or potential-derived terms ~V'''ζF²). Estimate the one-loop correction δP_ζ to the power spectrum at the USR peak for λ/H = 5. If δP_ζ/P_ζ exceeds ~10% at the peak, the Gaussian truncation is not self-consistent at strong coupling, and the LISA-detectability claim would require re-evaluation with non-Gaussian dynamics included.","verdict_should_be":"UNCHANGED","load_bearing_attack":"The headline observational claims — order-1 modifications to P_ζ, oscillatory ringing near the peak, altered GW infrared slopes, and LISA-band detectability — depend primarily on the strong-coupling results (λ/H = 5; Fig. 3 right, Fig. 4 right). The Lagrangian (Eq. 6) is a quadratic truncation of the full two-field action. The coupling λ enters both the bilinear mixing term (-λa π_S u in Eq. 10) and the effective environmental mass (M² = m² + λ², Eq. A3). At λ/H = 5, the dimensionless coupling is not perturbatively small. During USR, the curvature perturbation reaches P_ζ ~ 10⁻², i.e., ζ_rms ~ 0.1. Cubic interactions — present in any non-trivial two-field UV completion and neglected by the Gaussian closure — would generate loop corrections to the two-point function scaling roughly as (λ/H)² × P_ζ ~ 25 × 10⁻² ~ 0.25. This is not parametrically suppressed relative to the tree-level power spectrum modifications being computed (which are themselves O(1) relative to the free spectrum). The paper does not discuss whether the Gaussian truncation remains valid at this coupling, nor does it estimate the size of the first loop correction. By contrast, the weak-coupling results (λ/H = 0.05), including the dip-erasure mechanism at m/H ≈ 1, are robust: the same estimate gives (λ/H)² × P_ζ ~ 2.5 × 10⁻⁵, safely negligible. The LISA-detectability claim, which is the headline observational result, rests on the regime where the truncation may not be self-consistent.","agreement_with_reader":"agree"},"referee_report":{"model":"glm-5.2","summary":"This manuscript studies the open quantum dynamics of the adiabatic curvature perturbation coupled to a massive entropic scalar environment during an inflationary background featuring a transient Ultra-Slow-Roll (USR) phase. The authors employ the exact Transport Equations Method (TEM) to evolve the full covariance matrix of a Gaussian two-field system across the SR-USR-SR transition, tracking quantum purity and von Neumann entropy. They find that environmental coupling modifies the primordial scalar power spectrum — erasing the pre-growth interference dip for m/H ~ 1, altering growth slopes, and inducing oscillatory ringing under strong coupling — and propagate these distortions to the scalar-induced gravitational wave (SIGW) background, claiming detectability with LISA. The transport equations for the 11-dimensional covariance system are derived in Appendix A from the quadratic Hamiltonian (Eq. 10), and the SIGW computation uses standard formulas via the public package SIGWfast.","tokens_in":17609,"tokens_out":1570,"duration_ms":305818,"significance":"The paper addresses a timely question at the intersection of quantum information theory and early-universe cosmology. The use of the exact transport equations method for a Gaussian system is a legitimate and well-implemented technical approach, and the exact treatment of the background kinematics across the SR-USR-SR transition is a genuine improvement over constant-H approximations. The identification of a correlation between rapid decoherence (m/H = 1) and dip erasure in the weak-coupling regime is an interesting physical observation. The SIGW computation is reproducible in principle via the cited public package. However, the observational significance of the headline results — order-1 spectral modifications, oscillatory ringing, and LISA-band detectability — rests almost entirely on the strong-coupling regime (λ/H = 5), which raises a self-consistency concern that is not addressed in the manuscript (see Major Comments).","major_comments":[{"comment":"§II.B, Eq. (6) and §IV.B (Fig. 3, right panel): The most observationally significant results — order-1 modifications to P_ζ, oscillatory ringing near the peak, and the LISA-detectability claim — are obtained in the strong-coupling regime λ/H = 5. The effective Lagrangian (Eq. 6) is a quadratic truncation of the full two-field action; the coupling λ enters both the bilinear mixing term (Eq. 10, Eq. A3) and the effective environmental mass M² = m² + λ² (Eq. A3). At λ/H = 5, the dimensionless coupling is not perturbatively small. During USR, the curvature perturbation reaches P_ζ ~ 10⁻² (ζ_rms ~ 0.1). Cubic interactions — present in any non-trivial two-field UV completion and neglected by the Gaussian closure — would generate loop corrections to the two-point function scaling roughly as (λ/H)² × P_ζ ~ 25 × 10⁻² ~ 0.25, which is not parametrically suppressed relative to the tree-level O(1)修改","section":null},{"comment":"§IV.C, Fig. 4 (right panel) and Abstract: The LISA-detectability claim is the headline observational result of the paper. It depends on the strong-coupling results (λ/H = 5), which as noted above may not be self-consistent within the Gaussian truncation. The weak-coupling results (λ/H = 0.05), where the truncation is reliable, show only a highly localized spike in ΔΩ_GW at k ~ 10⁵ Mpc⁻¹ for m/H = 1 (Fig. 4, left panel), with the GW spectrum otherwise indistinguishable from the free case. The paper should either (i) provide a parametric estimate or explicit check that loop corrections remain subdominant at λ/H = 5, or (ii) qualify the LISA-detectability claim to reflect that it rests on a regime where the truncation has not been validated. Without this, the central observational claim is not adequately supported.","section":null}],"minor_comments":[{"comment":"§II.B, Eq. (6): The parameter λ is described as 'dimensionful' in the text following Eq. (6), but the ratio λ/H is used throughout as a dimensionless coupling. The dimensionality of λ and its relation to the dimensionless ratio λ/H should be clarified.","section":null},{"comment":"§II.B, footnote 3: The Born-Oppenheimer assumption that the environment is stationary is stated but not justified quantitatively. A brief comment on the timescale separation argument would strengthen this assumption.","section":null},{"comment":"§IV.B, Fig. 3: The y-axis label 'P_ζ(k)' lacks units or normalization annotation. The caption mentions CMB normalization P_ζ ~ 2.1 × 10⁻⁹ but the figure itself would benefit from explicit annotation.","section":null},{"comment":"§IV.C, Eq. (23)-(24): The SIGW formula assumes a radiation-dominated universe at horizon reentry. The paper does not discuss whether the USR-enhanced modes reenter during radiation domination; a brief statement confirming this would be appropriate.","section":null},{"comment":"Appendix A, Eq. (A4): The notation θ_N ≡ d ln z/dN is introduced but the relation z'/z = aH(1 + ε₂/2) is stated without derivation. A reference or one-line derivation would help the reader.","section":null},{"comment":"§V: The paper acknowledges that non-Gaussian correlators are needed for PBH formation predictions but does not discuss whether the suppressed peak amplitudes in the strong-coupling regime (Fig. 3, right) could qualitatively change PBH formation prospects. A brief qualitative statement would be welcome.","section":null},{"comment":"References: Several arXiv references use future-dated submissions (e.g., [44] arXiv:2607.00636, [57] arXiv:2606.07663, [58] arXiv:2512.01932, [47] arXiv:2512.14204). These should be verified for correctness.","section":null}],"recommendation":"major_revision","confidential_remarks":"The core technical machinery (transport equations for Gaussian systems, exact background evolution) is sound and correctly implemented. The weak-coupling results are robust and physically interesting. The concern is specifically about the strong-coupling regime: the paper's most striking observational claims depend on λ/H = 5, where the Gaussian truncation may not be self-consistent, and this is not discussed. If the authors can either justify the truncation at this coupling or reframe the LISA claims as conditional on the truncation's validity, the paper would be suitable for publication. The alternative — focusing the observational claims on the weak-coupling dip-erasure mechanism, which is robust — would also be acceptable but would significantly reduce the paper's impact. I lean toward major revision rather than reject because the methodology is correct and the weak-coupling results are genuinely interesting; the issue is one of self-consistency qualification for the strong-coupling regime, which is addressable within the manuscript's scope."},"author_rebuttal":{"model":"glm-5.2","summary":"We thank the referee for a careful and constructive report. The core technical methodology — exact transport equations for a Gaussian two-field system across the SR-USR-SR transition — is acknowledged as legitimate and well-implemented. The referee's major concern is that the most observationally significant results arise in the strong-coupling regime (λ/H = 5), where the quadratic (Gaussian) truncation of the effective Lagrangian may not be self-consistent due to neglected loop corrections from cubic interactions. We address this concern below and agree that the manuscript requires revision to qualify the observational claims accordingly.","responses":[{"response":"The referee raises a valid and important point about the EFT validity of our quadratic truncation in the strong-coupling regime. We address it on two levels. First, a clarification of what is and is not exact in our calculation. Second, an acknowledgment of the genuine limitation. On the first point: the interaction Lagrangian (Eq. 6) contains a bilinear derivative mixing term λ a³ √(2ε) M_Pl ζ'F. The resulting Hamiltonian (Eq. 10) is exactly quadratic in the phase-space variables, and the transport equations (Appendix A) solve the full Gaussian dynamics without any perturbative expansion in λ. Within this specific quadratic theory, our results are exact — there are no loop corrections to the two-point function because the theory contains no cubic vertices. The Gaussian closure is not an approximation applied to a more general theory; it is a property of the specific Lagrangian we wrote down. On the second point: the referee is correct that any non-trivial UV completion of this two-field system would generically contain cubic and higher-order interactions (from the field-space metric, the potential, and the measure factor) that are absent from our quadratic truncation. At λ/H = 5 with P_ζ ~ 10⁻² during USR, the referee's parametric estimate of loop corrections ~(λ/H)² × P_ζ ~ O(0.1–1) is reasonable, and we cannot rule out that such corrections would quantitatively modify our strong-coupling spectra. We note that the parameter λ in our Lagrangian is dimensionful (it carries dimensions of mass), so λ/H = 5 does not correspond to a large dimensionless coupling per se; the relevant question is whether the omitted cubic vertices, whose coefficients depend on the UV completion, produce loop corrections comparable to the tree-level effects we compute. Without specifying a UV完成","revision_made":"partial","referee_comment":"§II.B, Eq. (6) and §IV.B (Fig. 3, right panel): The most observationally significant results — order-1 modifications to P_ζ, oscillatory ringing near the peak, and the LISA-detectability claim — are obtained in the strong-coupling regime λ/H = 5. The effective Lagrangian (Eq. 6) is a quadratic truncation of the full two-field action; the coupling λ enters both the bilinear mixing term (Eq. 10, Eq. A3) and the effective environmental mass M² = m² + λ² (Eq. A3). At λ/H = 5, the dimensionless coupling is not perturbatively small. During USR, the curvature perturbation reaches P_ζ ~ 10⁻² (ζ_rms ~ 0.1). Cubic interactions — present in any non-trivial two-field UV completion and neglected by the Gaussian closure — would generate loop corrections to the two-point function scaling roughly as (λ/H)² × P_ζ ~ 25 × 10⁻² ~ 0.25, which is not parametrically suppressed relative to the tree-level O(1) ["},{"response":"The referee is correct that the LISA-detectability claim rests on the strong-coupling regime, and that the weak-coupling results — where the Gaussian truncation is most reliable — produce only a highly localized and modest feature in the GW spectrum. We agree that option (i), an explicit check that loop corrections remain subdominant at λ/H = 5, cannot be honestly provided within the current framework, as it would require extending the transport equations to the three-point function and coupling it back to the two-point system — a significant computational undertaking that we explicitly identify as future work in Section V. We therefore adopt option (ii): we will revise the manuscript to clearly qualify the LISA-detectability claim. Specifically, we will: (a) add a dedicated paragraph in Section IV.C (and a corresponding note in the Abstract) stating that the dramatic GW signatures and their potential LISA detectability arise in the strong-coupling regime (λ/H = 5), where the quadratic truncation has not been validated against loop corrections from cubic interactions that would be present in a UV completion; (b) add a parametric estimate of the expected loop corrections following the referee's scaling argument, explicitly stating the regime of validity; (c) emphasize that the weak-coupling results (λ/H = 0.05), which are robust within the Gaussian truncation, still produce a distinctive physical signature — the dip erasure for m/H = 1 and its corresponding localized GW feature — even if this feature is more modest in amplitude. We believe the weak-coupling dip-erasure result and its correlation with rapid decoherence is a robust and physically interesting finding that stands independently of the strong-coupling regime.","revision_made":"yes","referee_comment":"§IV.C, Fig. 4 (right panel) and Abstract: The LISA-detectability claim is the headline observational result of the paper. It depends on the strong-coupling results (λ/H = 5), which as noted above may not be self-consistent within the Gaussian truncation. The weak-coupling results (λ/H = 0.05), where the truncation is reliable, show only a highly localized spike in ΔΩ_GW at k ~ 10⁵ Mpc⁻¹ for m/H = 1 (Fig. 4, left panel), with the GW spectrum otherwise indistinguishable from the free case. The paper should either (i) provide a parametric estimate or explicit check that loop corrections remain subdominant at λ/H = 5, or (ii) qualify the LISA-detectability claim to reflect that it rests on a regime where the truncation has not been validated. Without this, the central observational claim is not adequately supported."}],"tokens_in":17144,"tokens_out":2427,"duration_ms":186084,"standing_objections":[]},"desk_editor":{"model":"glm-5.2","letter":"The core new result here is real: this is the first paper to compute the primordial power spectrum from the reduced covariance matrix of an open quantum system during USR inflation, and then propagate those environmental signatures through to scalar-induced gravitational waves. The dip-erasure mechanism at m/H ≈ 1 in the weak-coupling regime is a clean, physically motivated result — the environment disrupts the destructive interference between growing and decaying modes on the Hubble timescale. The transport equations are correctly derived from the quadratic Hamiltonian, the background is solved exactly, and the SIGW computation uses standard formulas with a public package (SIGWfast). The agreement with Brahma et al. [53] on purity and entropy evolution is a useful cross-check. Credit is earned here for doing the full numerical computation rather than stopping at the quantum information markers.","headline":"Real new result: first computation of P_ζ and SIGW from an open quantum system in USR. The headline LISA claims rest on a strong-coupling regime (λ/H=5) where the Gaussian truncation may not be self-consistent.","tokens_in":18172,"tokens_out":266,"would_cite":false,"duration_ms":64058,"reading_group":"no","serious_thinker":"yes","would_accept_peer_review":true},"rs_alignment":null,"lean_confirmation":null,"pith_extraction":{"msc":[],"pacs":[],"model":"glm-5.2","headline":"Quantum Environment Reshapes Inflation's Gravitational Wave Signal","keywords":[],"falsifier":"If future observations of the stochastic gravitational wave background by LISA or comparable instruments show the standard single-field USR interference dip preserved (rather than erased) in the relevant frequency band, or if they show no oscillatory modulations or altered infrared scalings in the strong-coupling regime, the environmental coupling scenarios predicted here would be constrained or ruled out.","tokens_in":17547,"feed_emoji":"🌊","tokens_out":1379,"duration_ms":151862,"temperature":0.7,"pith_summary":"This paper argues that when the curvature perturbation driving inflation is treated as an open quantum system—coupled to a massive hidden 'entropic' field that acts as an environment—the quantum-to-classical transition (decoherence) is not a passive backdrop but leaves distinct, calculable fingerprints on the primordial power spectrum and on the stochastic gravitational wave background it produces. The authors study a specific inflationary scenario featuring a transient Ultra-Slow-Roll (USR) phase sandwiched between standard Slow-Roll (SR) phases, which is the standard mechanism for amplifying primordial fluctuations to levels relevant for primordial black hole formation. They use a Gaussian two-field effective Lagrangian where the adiabatic curvature perturbation (the system) couples bilinearly to a massive entropic scalar (the environment), and they evolve the full quantum state exactly using the Transport Equations Method, which tracks the covariance matrix of the system without perturbative or Markovian approximations, across the sharp SR-USR-SR transitions using the exact background kinematics. The central discovery is a chain of causal links: the USR phase acts as an engine of violent, irreversible decoherence for modes crossing the horizon during it; the efficiency of this decoherence depends sharply on the environmental mass relative to the Hubble scale, with m/H ≈ 1 producing the fastest loss of quantum coherence; and this rapid decoherence directly erases the destructive interference dip that normally precedes the power spectrum enhancement in single-field USR models, because the environment randomizes the relative phase between the mode function's growing and decaying branches before the interference pattern can form. Under strong coupling (λ/H = 5), additional features appear: suppressed peak amplitudes and oscillatory ringing near the peak. Because the scalar-induced gravitational wave background depends quadratically on the power spectrum, all these distortions propagate into the GW signal—altering its infrared slope, suppressing its peak, shifting it to higher frequencies, and inducing resonant modulations in its tail. These deviations break the degeneracy of single-field USR predictions and fall within the LISA sensitivity band, suggesting that future gravitational wave observations could directly constrain the quantum properties of the inflé","feed_headline":"Quantum Environment Reshapes Inflation's Gravitational Wave Signal","feed_subtitle":"Hidden quantum fields during Ultra-Slow-Roll inflation erase spectral dips and induce ringing — imprints detectable by LISA in the gravitat","key_machinery":"The Transport Equations Method (TEM) for the covariance matrix of a Gaussian two-field system, evolved with exact SR-USR-SR background kinematics; the bilinear interaction ζ'F between the adiabatic curvature perturbation and the entropic environment; the quadratic propagation of scalar power spectrum distortions into the scalar-induced gravitational wave background via second-order cosmological perturbation theory.","core_discovery":"The paper establishes that when an entropic environment with mass near the Hubble scale (m/H ≈ 1) interacts with curvature perturbations during a transient USR phase, the resulting rapid decoherence erases the characteristic interference dip in the primordial power spectrum—a feature that is robust in single-field models. This erasure, along with modified growth slopes and strong-coupling-induced oscillatory ringing, propagates quadratically into the scalar-induced gravitational wave background, producing spectral signatures (altered infrared scaling, suppressed peaks, frequency shifts, high-frequency modulations) that are distinguishable from single-field predictions and potentially detect-","pith_inferences":["The Born-Oppenheimer assumption that the environment is stationary (footnote 3) means the environment does not back-react on the background dynamics. If the environment were dynamically coupled to the inflaton trajectory rather than treated as a reservoir, the SR-USR-SR transition itself could be modified, potentially altering the decoherence-spectral feature correspondence the paper establishes.","The strong-coupling regime λ/H = 5 is explored without discussion of whether the effective field theory remains valid at this coupling. If the EFT truncation breaks down for large λ, the oscillatory ringing and peak suppression predictions in this regime could be artifacts of the Lagrangian rather than physical effects, though the qualitative weak-coupling results (dip erasure at m/H ≈ 1) would re","The paper's Gaussian interaction closes the transport hierarchy at two-point level, but the PBH-relevant conclusions (suppressed peaks altering mass fractions) implicitly require non-Gaussian statistics. Extending to cubic interactions would not only open the bispectrum transport but could also feed back into the power spectrum through loop corrections, potentially modifying the very spectral feat"],"forward_implications":["If the predicted dip erasure and oscillatory features are observed in the gravitational wave background by LISA or similar instruments, they would simultaneously constrain the mass and coupling of hidden environmental fields active during inflation, providing a direct observational window into the quantum-to-classical transition.","The correlation between maximal decoherence rate (at m/H ≈ 1) and dip erasure suggests that the presence or absence of the interference dip in the power spectrum could serve as a diagnostic for whether decoherence occurred during the USR phase, linking quantum information properties to spectral shape observables.","The suppressed peak amplitudes under strong coupling would directly modify the predicted primordial black hole mass fraction and formation thresholds, potentially easing or tightening PBH dark matter constraints—though the paper notes this requires non-Gaussian extensions to fully quantify.","The finding that modes crossing during USR undergo violent, irreversible decoherence (except for very heavy environments that partially recohere) implies that the quantum state of perturbations relevant for structure formation is not a universal feature but depends critically on the timing of horizon crossing relative to the non-attractor phase."],"fun_headline_variants":["Quantum Decoherence Erases Inflation's Spectral Dip in LISA-Reachable Signals","Entropic Environment Erases Interference Dip During Ultra-Slow-Roll Inflation","Quantum Environment Erases Inflation Dip and Rewrites Gravitational Wave Spectrum","Non-Markovian Decoherence During USR Inflation Leaves LISA-Detectable Imprints","Open Quantum Dynamics Reshape Primordial Spectrum and Scalar-Induced GW Background"],"cache_read_input_tokens":0,"weakest_assumption_plain":"The entire analysis rests on a Gaussian two-field effective Lagrangian with a purely bilinear interaction and a Born-Oppenheimer assumption that the environment is a stationary reservoir, meaning the results capture only two-point-level effects and cannot self-consistently predict primordial black hole formation, which depends on non-Gaussian statistics.","fun_headline_variants_meta":{"raw":{"variants":["Quantum Decoherence Erases Inflation's Spectral Dip in LISA-Reachable Signals","Entropic Environment Erases Interference Dip During Ultra-Slow-Roll Inflation","Quantum Environment Erases Inflation Dip and Rewrites Gravitational Wave Spectrum","Non-Markovian Decoherence During USR Inflation Leaves LISA-Detectable Imprints","Open Quantum Dynamics Reshape Primordial Spectrum and Scalar-Induced GW Background","Entropic Environment Erases Single-Field Dip and Induces GW Oscillations for LISA","Quantum Environment Breaks Single-Field Inflation Predictions in GW Spectrum","Decoherence During Ultra-Slow-Roll Erases Spectral Dip and Shifts GW Peaks","Rapid Decoherence Erases USR Interference Dip, Imprinting LISA-Detectable GW Features","Entropic Environment Suppresses Inflation Dip, Modifying Scalar-Induced GW Spectrum"]},"model":"glm-5.2","effort":"high","cost_usd":0.0,"raw_usage":{"total_tokens":1293,"prompt_tokens":530,"completion_tokens":763,"prompt_tokens_details":null},"tokens_in":530,"tokens_out":763,"duration_ms":34570,"temperature":1.0,"reasoning_tokens":546,"cache_read_input_tokens":0,"cache_creation_input_tokens":0},"cache_creation_input_tokens":0},"created_at":"2026-07-09T05:18:41.287914+00:00","model_set":{"reader":"glm-5.2"},"falsifier":"If future observations of the stochastic gravitational wave background by LISA or comparable instruments show the standard single-field USR interference dip preserved (rather than erased) in the relevant frequency band, or if they show no oscillatory modulations or altered infrared scalings in the strong-coupling regime, the environmental coupling scenarios predicted here would be constrained or ruled out.","supporting_citations":[],"review_version":1}