{"id":"330ac4d6-44de-426f-9756-ee28f7d15cfb","arxiv_id":"2610.26237","paper_version":1,"verdict":"ACCEPT","confidence":"MODERATE","novelty_score":6.0,"correctness_risk":"low","formal_verification":"none","parameter_count":2,"one_line_summary":"Fermionic dark matter production in Einstein-Cartan theory is recalculated with s-channel graviton exchange and Holst-term interactions, giving a total abundance about 7.2 times the pure-gravity value.","lead":"Einstein-Cartan gravity adds universal four-fermion interactions that can produce fermionic dark matter in the early universe. This paper adds s-channel graviton exchange and the Holst term, finding the total yield is about 7.2 times the pure-gravity value.","discovery_kind":"extension","skeptic_critique":{"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","headline":"Central abundance claim holds up: additivity and the 7.17 enhancement check out arithmetically. The one genuine soft spot is the numerical collision term of Fig. 1 (Sec. 3.4), which is a claimed novel quantitative result with no shipped code or tabulated data to audit.","rationale":"The reader's ACCEPT verdict is sound. The central claim — additivity of EC and s-channel graviton production and the total rate of Eq. (4.21) — is a clean perturbative calculation. I spot-checked the load-bearing algebra: the ratio 15 between the EC and graviton fermion channels (from the angular integrals 8/3 vs 8/5 weighted by 9), the vanishing of the quadrupole interference (1-3cos^2θ) upon angular integration in both the COM frame (Eq. 3.12) and the full phase-space integral (K_int = 0, Eq. C.28), and the species bookkeeping (45 chiral fermions = 21 right + 24 left; 12 gauge bosons; 4 Higgs scalars) giving R_total = 7207/1296000 ≈ 0.1724 and R_noEC = 16087/20736000, hence the factor 7.168. The arithmetic of Eq. (3.36), (3.37), (4.21) is consistent. I disagree with the reader's choice of weakest assumption: the EFT concern is weak because the torsion mediator is non-dynamical and Planck-suppressed, so its effective point-like four-fermion interaction is valid up to temperatures far above T_RH = 10^13 GeV; the freeze-in and m_DM < T_RH caveats are standard and acknowledged. The actual weak point is the numerical collision-term spectrum of Sec. 3.4 and Fig. 1. This is the paper's one novel quantitative output that no reviewer can verify from the manuscript: no code, no tabulated data, and no closed-form result for C(q) is presented, yet the 12% low-energy enhancement and the fingerprint that the interference reshapes the spectrum while leaving the total rate unchanged are headline new claims relative to Ref. [21] (the EC-only reference). This is a reproducibility gap rather than a demonstrated error, and it does not threaten the analytically derived abundance, so it does not change the ACCEPT verdict. The concrete test above settles whether the concern lands.","tokens_in":16278,"tokens_out":11031,"duration_ms":284110,"concrete_test":"Reproduce the left panel of Fig. 1 by numerically integrating Eq. (C.9) with the Appendix C kernels: stripped matrix elements from Table 1 (EC: w=9, P=1+cos^2θ_sc; graviton: w=1, P=1-3cos^2θ_sc+4cos^4θ_sc; interference: w=6, P=1-3cos^2θ_sc), Ferm-Dirac factor F of Eq. (C.15) with η=1, using the boost parametrization of Eqs. (C.17)-(C.23). Verify (i) that ∫_0^∞ y^2 C_int(y) dy = 0 to machine precision, and (ii) that the relative difference between the EC+graviton and EC-only curves at low y (y ≈ 0.3) is ~12% as claimed. Confirming (i) and (ii) validates both additivity and the spectral claim; a discrepancy in (ii) would weaken the Sec. 3.4 distribution result without touching the Eq. (4.21) abundance.","verdict_should_be":"UNCHANGED","load_bearing_attack":"The paper's headline result — that the EC four-fermion and s-channel graviton contributions add because the interference vanishes, giving Eq. (4.21) and a 7.17 enhancement over pure GR — is analytically checkable and internally consistent. I verified the 15:1 EC/graviton fermion ratio (Sec. 3.1, from |M_EC|^2 ~ 9(1+cos^2θ) vs |M_G|^2 ~ (1-3cos^2θ+4cos^4θ), angular integrals 8/3 vs 8/5), the zero of ∫(1-3cos^2θ)dcos, and the bookkeeping of Eq. (3.36) (0.1724 T^8/M_pl^4, from 45 chiral fermions, 12 gauge bosons, 4 Higgs scalars), including footnote 2's chiral-vs-Dirac difference from Ref. [6]. The EFT validity flagged by the reader is not actually the weak point: torsion is a non-propagating, algebraically integrated-out degree of freedom suppressed at M_pl, so at T_RH = 10^13 GeV the EFT is robustly valid (15 orders below the cutoff). The genuine soft spot is Sec. 3.4 and Fig. 1: the momentum-dependent collision term C(q), the claim that the interference (nonzero pointwise via the boost-weighted angular integral, Eq. C.9-C.23) modifies the spectrum while vanishing in ∫y^2 C_int dy = 0 (Eq. 3.30), and the ~12% low-energy enhancement from adding the s-channel graviton, are all produced by a numerical integration presented with no code, no tabulated curve, and no closed-form cross-check. This numerical spectrum is the paper's principal new quantitative claim beyond Ref. [21], and it cannot be verified from the manuscript alone.","agreement_with_reader":"partial"},"referee_report":{"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","summary":"The paper revisits gravitational production of fermionic dark matter in Einstein-Cartan (EC) theory and computes the combined effect of the torsion-induced four-fermion interaction and the s-channel graviton exchange on the production rate and on the momentum-dependent Boltzmann collision term. The main analytic results are: (i) the EC-graviton interference vanishes after full angular integration, so the total fermion-initiated rate is the sum of the two channels (Eqs. 3.11-3.12); (ii) after including all SM fermions, gauge bosons, and Higgs scalars, the total rate is R_total about 0.1724 T^8/M_pl^4 (Eq. 3.36), corresponding to an enhancement by about 7.17 over the pure-GR result (Eq. 3.37); (iii) the Holst term rescales the EC coupling and adds AV and VV four-fermion interactions whose interference terms also vanish after angle integration, leading to Eq. (4.21); and (iv) the collision term C(q) is distorted by the interference, with an about 12% low-energy enhancement (Fig. 1).","tokens_in":17814,"tokens_out":1292,"duration_ms":104071,"significance":"The abundance result is significant because torsion-induced four-fermion interactions are universal: for fermionic dark matter with only gravitational interactions, EC effects change the freeze-in yield by an order of magnitude and produce a characteristic spectral feature. The analytic core of the paper is carefully executed: matrix elements are either computed or quoted from published references, the phase-space reduction in Appendix C is explicit, and no fitted parameter enters the prediction (the Barbero-Immirzi parameter and the nonminimal coupling alpha only parametrize the Holst extension). I independently checked the 15:1 ratio of angular integrals in Eq. (3.14), the vanishing of the integral of 1-3cos^2(theta), the species bookkeeping behind Eq. (3.36), and the 7.17 enhancement; all are internally consistent. The principal weakness is that the numerical collision term in Sec. 3.4 and Fig. 1 is not independently verifiable from the manuscript alone.","major_comments":[{"comment":"The pointwise interference term C_int(y), the about 12% low-energy enhancement, and the spectral distortion of J_w(y) are presented as results of an undocumented numerical integration: no code, no tabulated data, and no closed-form cross-check are provided for Eqs. (C.9)-(C.23). These quantities are one of the two new quantitative claims announced in the abstract, so they cannot be audited from the manuscript alone. Please provide supplemental code or a table of J_w(y) and C_int(y) at representative y, state the numerical method and estimated error, and report the accuracy with which the sum rule Eq. (3.30) is satisfied.","section":"Sec. 3.4, Fig. 1, App. C","authors_acknowledge":null,"authors_acknowledge_p":null}],"minor_comments":[{"comment":"The claim that the additional Holst contribution cannot be negative for any gamma and alpha would benefit from a one-line proof, since the bracket contains the term (2/15) alpha gamma (1-alpha^2), which is indefinite in sign.","section":"Sec. 4.2, Eq. (4.21)","authors_acknowledge":null,"authors_acknowledge_p":null},{"comment":"The Holst-deformed spectra in Fig. 2 are also produced numerically without tabulated values; if supplemental data are provided for Fig. 1, they should cover Fig. 2 as well.","section":"Fig. 2","authors_acknowledge":null,"authors_acknowledge_p":null},{"comment":"The display equations mix the dimensionless coefficient with the factor pi^3 inside the numerical values; writing the numerical coefficients consistently as C pi^3 T^8/M_pl^4 would improve readability.","section":"Eqs. (3.35)-(3.37)","authors_acknowledge":null,"authors_acknowledge_p":null},{"comment":"The sentence that scalar interactions result in a_n=0 for all n is abrupt, because no scalar four-fermion interaction arises in the models treated here; clarify that this is a general remark about hypothetical scalar-current contact interactions.","section":"Appendix B","authors_acknowledge":null,"authors_acknowledge_p":null}],"recommendation":"major_revision","confidential_remarks":"The analytic claims of the paper are sound and my spot checks of the abundance arithmetic confirm the quoted numbers. The only obstacle to acceptance is the unverifiable numerical collision-term result; asking for supplemental data or code is the appropriate remedy, not a rederivation. I see no grounds for rejection."},"author_rebuttal":null,"desk_editor":{"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","letter":"Colleague,\n\nThis paper's central claim is solid. The EC four-fermion and s-channel graviton contributions add because the interference vanishes in the total rate, and the resulting 7.17 enhancement over pure GR holds up arithmetically. I spot-checked the same items the stress-test flagged: the 15:1 EC-to-graviton ratio, the zero of the interference integral, the bookkeeping of Eq. (3.36), and footnote 2's chiral-vs-Dirac difference from Ref. [6]. All consistent.\n\nWhat is actually new: the combined calculation, the demonstration that the interference vanishes in the total rate, the momentum-dependent collision term, and the Holst-term generalization. The derivations are detailed and the paper is honest about its assumptions (thermal bath, no Pauli blocking/reverse reactions, m_DM < T_RH, no inflaton contribution). Those are standard and acknowledged; I don't count them as flaws.\n\nThe reader worried about EFT validity at T_RH = 10^13 GeV. I disagree with that worry, and the stress-test note is right to push back. Torsion here is a non-propagating, algebraically integrated-out field, so the four-fermion contact interaction is valid far above the reheating scale. The genuine soft spot is Sec. 3.4 and Fig. 1: the momentum-dependent collision term, the claim that the interference modifies the spectrum while vanishing in the total rate, and the ~12% low-energy enhancement all come from a numerical integration with no code, no tabulated curve, and no closed-form cross-check. This is the paper's principal new quantitative claim beyond Ref. [21], and as written it cannot be verified from the manuscript alone. That does not sink the paper—the total abundance result, which is the headline, is analytically checkable—but it is a real gap in reproducibility.\n\nThe Holst-term part is more speculative but clearly labeled; the operator set comes from a published systematic expansion, so I don't ding it for being cited rather than rederived.\n\nWho this is for: anyone working on gravitational dark matter production or torsion-based extensions of gravity. It deserves a serious referee. My recommendation: accept with a request for the Fig. 1 data or code, or at least a closed-form check of one or two points on the curve. The central physics claim is trustworthy; the numerical spectrum should be auditable.","headline":"Central abundance claim is right and the 7.17 enhancement checks out; the one real gap is the unaudited numerical spectrum behind Fig. 1.","tokens_in":17389,"tokens_out":3724,"would_cite":true,"duration_ms":26008,"reading_group":"maybe","serious_thinker":"yes","would_accept_peer_review":true},"pith_extraction":{"msc":[],"pacs":["95.35.+d","04.50.Kd"],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","headline":"In Einstein-Cartan gravity, torsion and graviton exchange produce fermionic dark matter without interfering in the total rate; the abundance sums to about 7.17 times the pure-GR value, modifiable by the Holst term.","keywords":["Einstein-Cartan theory","torsion","four-fermion interaction","gravitational dark matter production","Holst term","Immirzi parameter","freeze-in","reheating"],"falsifier":"An independent measurement that fixes the dark matter mass $m_{DM}$ and the reheating temperature $T_{RH}$ and finds $\\Omega_c h^2$ inconsistent with $0.068\\,(m_{DM}/10^{10}\\,\\mathrm{GeV})(T_{RH}/10^{13}\\,\\mathrm{GeV})^3$, or a measured dark matter phase-space distortion that disagrees with the predicted 12-percent low-energy enhancement, would rule out the scenario; within the theory, an explicit next-order or UV-completed computation of $\\bar\\psi_{SM}\\psi_{SM}\\to\\bar\\psi_{DM}\\psi_{DM}$ producing a non-vanishing angular integral for any graviton–torsion cross term would falsify the central cancellation.","tokens_in":17766,"feed_emoji":"🌀","tokens_out":19800,"duration_ms":101878,"temperature":0.7,"pith_summary":"This paper asks whether torsion — the antisymmetric part of the spacetime connection that Einstein-Cartan gravity adds to general relativity — changes how much fermionic dark matter the hot Standard Model bath produces in the early universe. It computes the production rate from all contributing channels: the universal axial-axial four-fermion interaction left over when torsion is integrated out, the s-channel graviton exchange, and the axial-vector and vector-vector interactions that appear once the parity-odd Holst term is included. The central finding is that the torsion portal and the gravitational portal do not interfere in the total rate; their cross terms are odd functions of the scattering angle and vanish under angular integration, so the abundances simply add up. Including all Standard Model species, the predicted abundance is about 7.17 times the pure-general-relativity prediction, and the paper derives the full analytic rate, Eq. (4.21), as a function of the Holst-term parameters. If this is right, torsion generically strengthens gravitational dark matter production and leaves a specific kinematic fingerprint — a low-energy tail boosted by about 12 percent — in the produced particles' momentum distribution.","feed_headline":"Dark matter yield rises 7.17-fold when gravity carries torsion","feed_subtitle":"Torsion's four-fermion force and graviton exchange add without interference, reshaping dark matter abundance.","key_machinery":"The load-bearing objects are the dimension-six four-fermion operators obtained by integrating out torsion, together with the s-channel graviton-exchange amplitude. Minimal Einstein-Cartan theory gives one universal axial-axial interaction, $-\\frac{3\\kappa^2}{64}\\sum_{ij}(\\bar\\psi_i\\gamma^5\\gamma^\\mu\\psi_i)(\\bar\\psi_j\\gamma^5\\gamma_\\mu\\psi_j)$ with $\\kappa^2 = 32\\pi G$; adding the Holst term with Barbero-Immirzi parameter $\\gamma$ and a non-minimal fermion parameter $\\alpha$ generalizes this to the three-interaction set of Eq. (4.5), with common coupling $\\Lambda = \\gamma^2/(1+\\gamma^2)$. Each torsion amplitude is compared diagram by diagram with the spin-2 exchange, and the argument turns on the angular structure of the cross terms: because every interference is proportional to $1-3\\cos^2\\theta$, $\\cos\\theta$, or $\\cos^3\\theta$ (or vanishes by momentum conservation), each drops out of the angle-integrated rate while surviving in the momentum-dependent Boltzmann collision term $C(q)$ evaluated in Appendix C. A Legendre decomposition makes the mechanism explicit: only the $a_0$ coefficient of the squared amplitude contributes to the total rate, which is why the Immirzi parameter can be tuned to zero the quadrupole coefficient $a_2$ without changing the abundance.","core_discovery":"On the paper's own terms, the discovery is additivity with a hidden angular signature. In minimal Einstein-Cartan theory, production of a Dirac dark matter fermion from Standard Model fermion-antifermion pairs receives two comparable amplitudes, the torsion-mediated contact interaction and the s-channel graviton exchange, but their interference term is proportional to $s^2(1-3\\cos^2\\theta)$ and integrates to zero over the full solid angle. The same cancellation recurs for every cross term involving the Holst-term interactions: the axial-vector–graviton term is proportional to $1-3\\cos^2\\theta$, the vector-vector–graviton term to $\\cos^3\\theta$, the axial-vector–vector-vector term to $\\cos\\theta$, and the Dirac axial-current–graviton contraction vanishes outright by momentum conservation. The total rate is therefore a sum of independent channels, Eq. (4.21), and once scalar and vector initial states are included the full Standard Model abundance is enhanced by a factor of about 7.17 relative to pure general relativity without torsion. The interference is not physically inert: in the thermal-bath frame the collision term is boosted, so the cross terms reshape the dark matter momentum distribution, most strongly amplifying the low-energy tail by about 12 percent, and the paper shows that tuning the Barbero-Immirzi parameter can remove the quadrupole moment of the angular distribution while leaving the total rate fixed.","pith_inferences":["If the angular-integration cancellations survive a UV completion in which torsion propagates instead of being integrated out, additivity would hold more generally, making abundance predictions in torsion theories largely insensitive to the relative strength of the two portals.","The predicted 12-percent low-energy distortion is a testable kinematic fingerprint: for dark matter light enough to behave as warm dark matter, structure-formation probes of the matter power spectrum could in principle distinguish Einstein-Cartan-mediated production from pure-gravitational production even when the total abundances agree.","The quadrupole-tuning relation points to a search strategy the paper does not pursue: using the anisotropy of produced dark matter — rather than its total abundance — as a cosmological probe of the Barbero-Immirzi parameter.","The same diagram-by-diagram cancellation logic plausibly applies to other early-universe processes mediated by spin-2 exchange plus Holst-term operators, so the additivity pattern may be a general feature of the dimension-six torsion operator set rather than a special property of dark matter production."],"forward_implications":["For $m_{DM} < T_{RH}$, the predicted density is $\\Omega_c h^2 \\approx 0.068\\,(m_{DM}/10^{10}\\,\\mathrm{GeV})(T_{RH}/10^{13}\\,\\mathrm{GeV})^3$, about 7.17 times the pure-GR value, so matching a measured relic density requires a correspondingly different $m_{DM}$–$T_{RH}$ combination than in torsion-free gravity.","The total abundance is insensitive to the relative phase of the torsion and gravitational amplitudes — only the momentum distribution records the interference — which makes the summed-rate prediction insensitive to unknown UV phases.","The produced dark matter carries a distorted spectrum with a low-energy tail enhanced by about 12 percent, a kinematic difference that persists even where the total yield matches other production scenarios.","With a minimal fermion action the Holst term can only suppress production, down to the pure-graviton rate as $\\Lambda = \\gamma^2/(1+\\gamma^2)$ approaches zero; with the non-minimal action (4.4) the rate can exceed the minimal Einstein-Cartan value, and the extra contribution over pure GR is never negative for any $\\gamma$, $\\alpha$.","The quadrupole moment of the produced dark matter's angular distribution can be tuned away at $\\gamma^2 = \\sqrt{105}/10 - 1 \\approx 0.025$, a torsion-sensitive observable that is independent of the total abundance."],"supporting_citations":[{"why":"Supplies the prior Einstein-Cartan portal dark matter estimate and the Boltzmann collision-term setup that this paper extends to include graviton exchange.","marker":"[21]"},{"why":"Supplies the s-channel graviton-exchange amplitude and the thermal gravitational production framework added to the EC channel.","marker":"[10]"},{"why":"Gives the pure-gravitational production rate used as the no-torsion baseline; the comparison that yields the 7.17 enhancement, with a species-counting discrepancy the paper explains.","marker":"[6]"},{"why":"The derivative expansion from which the paper takes the claim that axial-axial, axial-vector, and vector-vector are the complete leading set of torsion-induced four-fermion interactions.","marker":"[30]"},{"why":"Provides the non-minimal fermion action whose Holst-term coupling generates the axial-vector and vector-vector four-fermion interactions.","marker":"[28]"},{"why":"Introduces the Holst term, the parity-odd curvature scalar whose inclusion modifies the four-fermion couplings.","marker":"[24]"},{"why":"Source of the $m_{DM} > T_{RH}$ regime factor $(T_{RH}/m_{DM})^4$ that the paper applies to its abundance estimate.","marker":"[4]"}],"fun_headline_variants":["Dark matter yield 7.17 times higher when gravity has torsion","Torsion's hidden angular terms cancel, leaving additive dark matter channels","Graviton and torsion channels add to reshape dark matter abundance","Einstein-Cartan torsion lifts dark matter yield by factor of 7.17","Barbero-Immirzi tuning can erase quadrupole moment without changing yield"],"cache_read_input_tokens":0,"weakest_assumption_plain":"The calculation treats torsion as point-like four-fermion contact interactions valid up to the reheating temperature $T_{RH}$ for every Standard Model fermion and the dark matter, assumes the dark matter has no other gauge or Yukawa interactions, and takes the three torsion-induced operators to be the complete leading set; if the effective theory breaks down below $T_{RH}$, or if higher-order torsion effects or additional operators change the amplitudes, every abundance prediction shifts.","fun_headline_variants_meta":{"raw":{"variants":["Dark matter yield 7.17 times higher when gravity has torsion","Torsion's hidden angular terms cancel, leaving additive dark matter channels","Graviton and torsion channels add to reshape dark matter abundance","Einstein-Cartan torsion lifts dark matter yield by factor of 7.17","Barbero-Immirzi tuning can erase quadrupole moment without changing yield"]},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","effort":"low","cost_usd":0.000133,"raw_usage":{"cost":0.000133497,"is_byok":false,"cost_details":{"upstream_inference_cost":0.000133497,"upstream_inference_prompt_cost":3.1213e-05,"upstream_inference_completions_cost":0.000102284},"total_tokens":1581,"prompt_tokens":1019,"completion_tokens":562,"prompt_tokens_details":{"audio_tokens":0,"video_tokens":0,"cached_tokens":845,"cache_write_tokens":0},"completion_tokens_details":{"audio_tokens":0,"image_tokens":0,"reasoning_tokens":474}},"tokens_in":1019,"tokens_out":562,"cost_source":"openrouter_usage","duration_ms":7372,"image_pages":[],"temperature":1.0,"billed_attempts":1,"reasoning_tokens":474,"transport_provider":"openrouter","cache_read_input_tokens":0,"cache_creation_input_tokens":0},"cache_creation_input_tokens":0},"created_at":"2026-10-20T11:41:28.480183+00:00","model_set":{"reader":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash"},"falsifier":"An independent measurement that fixes the dark matter mass $m_{DM}$ and the reheating temperature $T_{RH}$ and finds $\\Omega_c h^2$ inconsistent with $0.068\\,(m_{DM}/10^{10}\\,\\mathrm{GeV})(T_{RH}/10^{13}\\,\\mathrm{GeV})^3$, or a measured dark matter phase-space distortion that disagrees with the predicted 12-percent low-energy enhancement, would rule out the scenario; within the theory, an explicit next-order or UV-completed computation of $\\bar\\psi_{SM}\\psi_{SM}\\to\\bar\\psi_{DM}\\psi_{DM}$ producing a non-vanishing angular integral for any graviton–torsion cross term would falsify the central cancellation.","supporting_citations":[{"cited_title":"Einstein-Cartan Portal to Dark Matter","cited_arxiv_id":"2008.11686","evidence_quote":"Supplies the prior Einstein-Cartan portal dark matter estimate and the Boltzmann collision-term setup that this paper extends to include graviton exchange."},{"cited_title":"Theory and Phenomenology of Planckian Interacting Massive Particles as Dark Matter","cited_arxiv_id":"1709.09688","evidence_quote":"Supplies the s-channel graviton-exchange amplitude and the thermal gravitational production framework added to the EC channel."},{"cited_title":"Gravitational portals in the early Universe","cited_arxiv_id":"2112.15214","evidence_quote":"Gives the pure-gravitational production rate used as the no-torsion baseline; the comparison that yields the 7.17 enhancement, with a species-counting discrepancy the paper explains."},{"cited_title":"Low-energy general relativity with torsion: a systematic derivative expansion","cited_arxiv_id":"1104.2432","evidence_quote":"The derivative expansion from which the paper takes the claim that axial-axial, axial-vector, and vector-vector are the complete leading set of torsion-induced four-fermion interactions."},{"cited_title":"Quantum Gravity, Torsion, Parity Violation and all that","cited_arxiv_id":"hep-th/0507253","evidence_quote":"Provides the non-minimal fermion action whose Holst-term coupling generates the axial-vector and vector-vector four-fermion interactions."},{"cited_title":"Barbero's Hamiltonian derived from a generalized Hilbert-Palatini action","cited_arxiv_id":"gr-qc/9511026","evidence_quote":"Introduces the Holst term, the parity-odd curvature scalar whose inclusion modifies the four-fermion couplings."},{"cited_title":"Production of Purely Gravitational Dark Matter: The Case of Fermion and Vector Boson","cited_arxiv_id":"1903.10973","evidence_quote":"Source of the $m_{DM} > T_{RH}$ regime factor $(T_{RH}/m_{DM})^4$ that the paper applies to its abundance estimate."}],"review_version":1}