{"work":{"id":"089548ef-9ae9-4016-a6d9-b951128416c7","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4414939510","doi":"10.1007/s00146-025-02667-2","arxiv_id":"2406.06608","raw_key":null,"title":"The Prompt Report: A Systematic Survey of Prompt Engineering Techniques","authors":null,"authors_text":"Sander Schulhoff, Michael Ilie, Nishant Balepur, Konstantine Kahadze, Amanda Liu, Chenglei Si","year":2024,"venue":"cs.CL","abstract":"Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) systems are increasingly being deployed across diverse industries and research domains. Developers and end-users interact with these systems through the use of prompting and prompt engineering. Although prompt engineering is a widely adopted and extensively researched area, it suffers from conflicting terminology and a fragmented ontological understanding of what constitutes an effective prompt due to its relatively recent emergence. We establish a structured understanding of prompt engineering by assembling a taxonomy of prompting techniques and analyzing their applications. We present a detailed vocabulary of 33 vocabulary terms, a taxonomy of 58 LLM prompting techniques, and 40 techniques for other modalities. Additionally, we provide best practices and guidelines for prompt engineering, including advice for prompting state-of-the-art (SOTA) LLMs such as ChatGPT. We further present a meta-analysis of the entire literature on natural language prefix-prompting. As a culmination of these efforts, this paper presents the most comprehensive survey on prompt engineering to date.","external_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.06608","cited_by_count":4,"metadata_source":"pith","metadata_fetched_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817+00:00","pith_arxiv_id":"2406.06608","created_at":"2026-05-09T06:35:39.010705+00:00","updated_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817+00:00","title_quality_ok":true,"display_title":"The Prompt Report: A Systematic Survey of Prompt Engineering Techniques","render_title":"The Prompt Report: A Systematic Survey of Prompt Engineering Techniques"},"hub":{"state":{"work_id":"089548ef-9ae9-4016-a6d9-b951128416c7","tier":"hub","tier_reason":"10+ Pith inbound or 1,000+ external citations","pith_inbound_count":46,"external_cited_by_count":4,"distinct_field_count":11,"first_pith_cited_at":"2024-08-15T21:59:23+00:00","last_pith_cited_at":"2026-07-07T11:12:44+00:00","author_build_status":"not_needed","summary_status":"needed","contexts_status":"needed","graph_status":"needed","ask_index_status":"not_needed","reader_status":"not_needed","recognition_status":"not_needed","updated_at":"2026-08-23T23:39:31.748586+00:00","tier_text":"hub"},"tier":"hub","role_counts":[{"context_role":"background","n":4},{"context_role":"method","n":1}],"polarity_counts":[{"context_polarity":"background","n":3},{"context_polarity":"support","n":1},{"context_polarity":"use_method","n":1}],"runs":{},"summary":{},"graph":{},"authors":[]}}