Fourth-order ordering-sensitive Bargmann invariants supply the first universal pairwise criterion for set coherence, and applying it to all pairs yields a complete test for any finite family of states.
Bargmann Scenarios
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abstract
Considerable effort has been devoted to developing techniques for witnessing and characterizing quantum resources that emerge from collective properties of a set of states. In this context, Bargmann invariants play a central role: they witness coherence and related resources, and underpin important applications. In this work, we introduce a unified formalism that fully characterizes and organizes the capability of Bargmann invariants to witness different manifestations of coherence in sets of states. It is formulated around the construction of Bargmann scenarios, which specify relevant tuples of Bargmann invariants, and Bargmann polytopes, which describe the values that said invariants can have when the states are incoherent. We study their basic geometry, connect them to existing formalisms, and illustrate their physical relevance. Our construction opens new opportunities for the certification of quantum devices and lays the path toward a full quantum resource theory based entirely on multivariate traces of states.
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quant-ph 2years
2026 2verdicts
UNVERDICTED 2roles
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Two quantum states ρ₁ and ρ₂ commute exactly when tr(ρ₁²ρ₂²) = tr(ρ₁ ρ₂ ρ₁ ρ₂).
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A low order Bargmann invariant hierarchy for set coherence
Fourth-order ordering-sensitive Bargmann invariants supply the first universal pairwise criterion for set coherence, and applying it to all pairs yields a complete test for any finite family of states.
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Commutativity from a single Bargmann invariant equality
Two quantum states ρ₁ and ρ₂ commute exactly when tr(ρ₁²ρ₂²) = tr(ρ₁ ρ₂ ρ₁ ρ₂).