{"work":{"id":"1407df94-f03c-4d58-be77-4e5db7b93ce2","openalex_id":null,"doi":null,"arxiv_id":"hep-th/0405231","raw_key":null,"title":"Viscosity in Strongly Interacting Quantum Field Theories from Black Hole Physics","authors":null,"authors_text":"Kovtun, P","year":2004,"venue":"hep-th","abstract":"The ratio of shear viscosity to volume density of entropy can be used to characterize how close a given fluid is to being perfect. Using string theory methods, we show that this ratio is equal to a universal value of $\\hbar/4\\pi k_B$ for a large class of strongly interacting quantum field theories whose dual description involves black holes in anti--de Sitter space. We provide evidence that this value may serve as a lower bound for a wide class of systems, thus suggesting that black hole horizons are dual to the most ideal fluids.","external_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0405231","cited_by_count":null,"metadata_source":"pith","metadata_fetched_at":"2026-07-10T23:47:40.426911+00:00","pith_arxiv_id":"hep-th/0405231","created_at":"2026-05-10T00:14:46.713123+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-10T23:47:40.426911+00:00","title_quality_ok":true,"display_title":"Viscosity in Strongly Interacting Quantum Field Theories from Black Hole Physics","render_title":"Viscosity in Strongly Interacting Quantum Field Theories from Black Hole Physics"},"hub":{"state":{"work_id":"1407df94-f03c-4d58-be77-4e5db7b93ce2","tier":"hub","tier_reason":"10+ Pith inbound or 1,000+ external citations","pith_inbound_count":30,"external_cited_by_count":null,"distinct_field_count":6,"first_pith_cited_at":"2011-02-19T18:38:22+00:00","last_pith_cited_at":"2026-07-07T18:00:02+00:00","author_build_status":"not_needed","summary_status":"needed","contexts_status":"needed","graph_status":"needed","ask_index_status":"not_needed","reader_status":"not_needed","recognition_status":"not_needed","updated_at":"2026-08-23T22:09:28.704633+00:00","tier_text":"hub"},"tier":"hub","role_counts":[{"context_role":"background","n":9}],"polarity_counts":[{"context_polarity":"background","n":9}],"runs":{},"summary":{},"graph":{},"authors":[]}}