The paper formalizes backend identifiability as hypothesis testing, proves anonymity decays at the Chernoff rate under persistent i.i.d. probing, establishes a utility-anonymity trade-off, and demonstrates 87-100% backend classification on real cloud QPUs.
arXiv preprint quant-ph/0301141 , year=
2 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
We show in some detail how to implement Shor's efficient quantum algorithm for discrete logarithms for the particular case of elliptic curve groups. It turns out that for this problem a smaller quantum computer can solve problems further beyond current computing than for integer factorisation. A 160 bit elliptic curve cryptographic key could be broken on a quantum computer using around 1000 qubits while factoring the security-wise equivalent 1024 bit RSA modulus would require about 2000 qubits. In this paper we only consider elliptic curves over GF($p$) and not yet the equally important ones over GF($2^n$) or other finite fields. The main technical difficulty is to implement Euclid's gcd algorithm to compute multiplicative inverses modulo $p$. As the runtime of Euclid's algorithm depends on the input, one difficulty encountered is the ``quantum halting problem''.
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quant-ph 2representative citing papers
Magic state cultivation prepares high-fidelity T states with an order of magnitude fewer qubit-rounds than prior distillation methods by gradually growing them within a surface code under depolarizing noise.
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Routing Anonymity and Identifiability of Noisy Quantum Hardware
The paper formalizes backend identifiability as hypothesis testing, proves anonymity decays at the Chernoff rate under persistent i.i.d. probing, establishes a utility-anonymity trade-off, and demonstrates 87-100% backend classification on real cloud QPUs.
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Magic state cultivation: growing T states as cheap as CNOT gates
Magic state cultivation prepares high-fidelity T states with an order of magnitude fewer qubit-rounds than prior distillation methods by gradually growing them within a surface code under depolarizing noise.