Numerical simulations in 4+1 dimensions show near-extremal Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes forming from gravitational wave collapse with mass over 99% of the extremal limit, suggesting the third law may not apply in cosmological settings.
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Near--extremal gravitational collapse in 4+1 dimensions: Schwarzschild--de--Sitter space
Numerical simulations in 4+1 dimensions show near-extremal Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes forming from gravitational wave collapse with mass over 99% of the extremal limit, suggesting the third law may not apply in cosmological settings.