{"work":{"id":"3d5b6d16-2eb3-44a0-bad8-e5b92540d7b6","openalex_id":null,"doi":null,"arxiv_id":"gr-qc/0412063","raw_key":null,"title":"Computations of primordial black hole formation","authors":null,"authors_text":"I","year":2004,"venue":"gr-qc","abstract":"Results are presented from general relativistic numerical computations of primordial black-hole formation during the radiation-dominated era of the universe. Growing-mode perturbations are specified within the linear regime and their subsequent evolution is followed as they become nonlinear. We use a spherically symmetric Lagrangian code and study both super-critical perturbations, which go on to produce black holes, and sub-critical perturbations, for which the overdensity eventually disperses into the background medium. For super-critical perturbations, we confirm the results of previous work concerning scaling-laws but note that the threshold amplitude for a perturbation to lead to black-hole formation is substantially reduced when the initial conditions are taken to represent purely growing modes. For sub-critical cases, where an initial collapse is followed by a subsequent re-expansion, strong compressions and rarefactions are seen for perturbation amplitudes near to the threshold. We have also investigated the effect of including a significant component of vacuum energy and have calculated the resulting changes in the threshold and in the slope of the scaling law.","external_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0412063","cited_by_count":null,"metadata_source":"pith","metadata_fetched_at":"2026-07-10T02:26:43.009171+00:00","pith_arxiv_id":"gr-qc/0412063","created_at":"2026-05-12T00:06:16.874540+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-10T02:26:43.009171+00:00","title_quality_ok":true,"display_title":"Computations of primordial black hole formation","render_title":"Computations of primordial black hole formation"},"hub":{"state":{"work_id":"3d5b6d16-2eb3-44a0-bad8-e5b92540d7b6","tier":"hub","tier_reason":"10+ Pith inbound or 1,000+ external citations","pith_inbound_count":16,"external_cited_by_count":null,"distinct_field_count":4,"first_pith_cited_at":"2020-02-27T05:17:54+00:00","last_pith_cited_at":"2026-07-09T17:39:27+00:00","author_build_status":"not_needed","summary_status":"needed","contexts_status":"needed","graph_status":"needed","ask_index_status":"not_needed","reader_status":"not_needed","recognition_status":"not_needed","updated_at":"2026-08-11T08:19:36.297374+00:00","tier_text":"hub"},"tier":"hub","role_counts":[{"context_role":"background","n":4},{"context_role":"method","n":1}],"polarity_counts":[{"context_polarity":"background","n":3},{"context_polarity":"support","n":1},{"context_polarity":"use_method","n":1}],"runs":{},"summary":{},"graph":{},"authors":[]}}