Stable flat solutions in scale-invariant scalar-tensor theories carry a non-vanishing cosmological constant unless the quartic coupling vanishes, and this vanishing is not radiatively protected, making a residual CC generic.
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The Cosmological Constant
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abstract
This is a review of the physics and cosmology of the cosmological constant. Focusing on recent developments, I present a pedagogical overview of cosmology in the presence of a cosmological constant, observational constraints on its magnitude, and the physics of a small (and potentially nonzero) vacuum energy.
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representative citing papers
A generalized Chaplygin-type solid unifies dark matter and dark energy via an early pressureless phase transitioning to a late solid phase that supports acceleration and produces distinct low-redshift perturbation signatures.
Little red dots shift from underdense, low-halo-mass environments at z>4 to ordinary galaxy environments by z~3.5, explaining their declining abundance at z<3.
Sign-switching dark energy with a transition at z_† fits recent DESI DR2, Planck CMB, and Pantheon+ data better than ΛCDM while raising the inferred Hubble constant and easing the Hubble tension.
Classical Maxwell theory plus an ħ commutator on modes yields single-photon QED theorems, and a conjecture states that special relativity is required for consistent Haag-Kastler nets with microcausality and positive energy.
A lapse function in a 5D anisotropic gravity theory generates a global constraint that cancels Standard Model vacuum energy radiative corrections at all orders in the 4D effective theory.
Quiescent galaxies cluster more strongly than star-forming ones by 0.5-1 dex after halo-mass matching, with one-halo conformity up to z~2 that disappears at higher redshifts.
A coupling α is identified with de Sitter entropy via holography and RG flow; imposing monotonic infrared increase on α(k) yields the observed cosmological constant value.
Bin-wise uncorrelated reconstruction from DESI/SDSS BAO and Pantheon+/Union3.1/DES-Dovekie supernovae yields dark energy density peaking then declining and equation of state oscillating with phantom crossing near z~0.7, consistent across datasets at moderate significance.
Using Planck, DESI, supernovae, and redshift-space distortions, the authors infer that modified gravity, if present, must act only below ~30 Mpc and cannot modify the large scales previously considered.
Dynamical systems analysis of a Palatini k-essence model identifies fixed points for quasi-de-Sitter epochs, scaling solutions, and quintessence phases connected by heteroclinic orbits in flat FLRW cosmology.
Dynamical dark energy remains preferred across extended models while curvature, neutrino mass and inflation parameters show strong model dependence, with no resolution of the H0 tension.
Simulations in f(R) gravity show that environment density in the HOD model reduces assembly bias effects to 2-3% at z≲0.5 in both ΛCDM and modified gravity.
Thesis summarizing an upper limit of 0.12 eV on the neutrino mass sum, bias calibration via CMB lensing cross-correlations, and tighter limits plus stronger normal-ordering preference in non-phantom dynamical dark energy models.
Cosmographic Taylor and Padé models fitted to Pantheon+SH0ES+GRB+DESI BAO data yield redshift drift predictions compatible with ΛCDM and ω0ω1CDM at 1-2σ, with mock drift data tightening q0 and j0 bounds.
QFT in FLRW spacetime yields a running vacuum energy density ρ_vac(H) that unifies mild dynamical dark energy today with H^4 inflation without an inflaton field.
This pedagogical survey clarifies how conformal time governs geodesics and curvature in different eras of a flat FRW universe and provides a general affine-parameter formalism.
A review summarizing modified theories of gravity, their effects on compact objects, existing bounds from astrophysical observations, and the promise of future gravitational wave tests for strong-field gravity.
citing papers explorer
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The unavoidable de Sitter fate of a scale-invariant Universe
Stable flat solutions in scale-invariant scalar-tensor theories carry a non-vanishing cosmological constant unless the quartic coupling vanishes, and this vanishing is not radiatively protected, making a residual CC generic.
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A solid unification of the dark sector
A generalized Chaplygin-type solid unifies dark matter and dark energy via an early pressureless phase transitioning to a late solid phase that supports acceleration and produces distinct low-redshift perturbation signatures.
-
Reduced Incidence of Little Red Dots at z < 3 from Number Density and Halo Mass Evolution
Little red dots shift from underdense, low-halo-mass environments at z>4 to ordinary galaxy environments by z~3.5, explaining their declining abundance at z<3.
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Sign-Switching Dark Energy: Smooth Transitions with Recent DESI DR2 Observations
Sign-switching dark energy with a transition at z_† fits recent DESI DR2, Planck CMB, and Pantheon+ data better than ΛCDM while raising the inferred Hubble constant and easing the Hubble tension.
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Algebraic quantum kinematics and SR-selection
Classical Maxwell theory plus an ħ commutator on modes yields single-photon QED theorems, and a conjecture states that special relativity is required for consistent Haag-Kastler nets with microcausality and positive energy.
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A Lapse in the Cosmological Constant Problem
A lapse function in a 5D anisotropic gravity theory generates a global constraint that cancels Standard Model vacuum energy radiative corrections at all orders in the 4D effective theory.
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COSMOS-Web: does halo mass alone shape the clustering of star-forming and quiescent galaxies?
Quiescent galaxies cluster more strongly than star-forming ones by 0.5-1 dex after halo-mass matching, with one-halo conformity up to z~2 that disappears at higher redshifts.
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Microscopic entropy of de Sitter spacetime and entropic solution to the old cosmological constant problem
A coupling α is identified with de Sitter entropy via holography and RG flow; imposing monotonic infrared increase on α(k) yields the observed cosmological constant value.
-
Reconstructing dark energy with fewer assumptions
Bin-wise uncorrelated reconstruction from DESI/SDSS BAO and Pantheon+/Union3.1/DES-Dovekie supernovae yields dark energy density peaking then declining and equation of state oscillating with phantom crossing near z~0.7, consistent across datasets at moderate significance.
-
Signatures of Modified Gravity on Linear Scales in a Dynamical Dark Energy Background
Using Planck, DESI, supernovae, and redshift-space distortions, the authors infer that modified gravity, if present, must act only below ~30 Mpc and cannot modify the large scales previously considered.
-
Dynamical system analysis of the cosmological phases in Palatini $k$-essence gravity
Dynamical systems analysis of a Palatini k-essence model identifies fixed points for quasi-de-Sitter epochs, scaling solutions, and quintessence phases connected by heteroclinic orbits in flat FLRW cosmology.
-
Intertwined Constraints in Extended Cosmologies: Dark Energy, Curvature, Neutrinos, and Inflation
Dynamical dark energy remains preferred across extended models while curvature, neutrino mass and inflation parameters show strong model dependence, with no resolution of the H0 tension.
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Galaxy formation in modified gravity -- II. galaxy halo connection and assembly bias
Simulations in f(R) gravity show that environment density in the HOD model reduces assembly bias effects to 2-3% at z≲0.5 in both ΛCDM and modified gravity.
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Cosmological searches for the neutrino mass scale and mass ordering
Thesis summarizing an upper limit of 0.12 eV on the neutrino mass sum, bias calibration via CMB lensing cross-correlations, and tighter limits plus stronger normal-ordering preference in non-phantom dynamical dark energy models.
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Mapping the redshift drift at various redshifts through cosmography
Cosmographic Taylor and Padé models fitted to Pantheon+SH0ES+GRB+DESI BAO data yield redshift drift predictions compatible with ΛCDM and ω0ω1CDM at 1-2σ, with mock drift data tightening q0 and j0 bounds.
-
Running Vacuum in the expanding Universe: a unified QFT paradigm for Inflation and Dark Energy
QFT in FLRW spacetime yields a running vacuum energy density ρ_vac(H) that unifies mild dynamical dark energy today with H^4 inflation without an inflaton field.
-
A Survey through Conformal Time
This pedagogical survey clarifies how conformal time governs geodesics and curvature in different eras of a flat FRW universe and provides a general affine-parameter formalism.
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Testing General Relativity with Present and Future Astrophysical Observations
A review summarizing modified theories of gravity, their effects on compact objects, existing bounds from astrophysical observations, and the promise of future gravitational wave tests for strong-field gravity.