An MLLM-guided architecture with a mixture of frequency experts and relational alignment loss achieves state-of-the-art all-in-one image restoration, outperforming prior methods by up to 1.35 dB on the CDD11 dataset.
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The authors create the first large-scale dataset and taxonomy of failure modes in multi-agent LLM systems to explain their limited performance gains.
ToolMerge decomposes queries into LLM-planned tool calls merged by boolean operators for long-video keyframe retrieval and introduces the M2M benchmark, showing competitive results with 5% gains on caption retrieval.
Layer-wise Token Compression applies adaptive token pooling at middle transformer layers for cross-encoder rerankers, preserving MS MARCO ranking quality while raising QPS up to 25% on passages and 116% on documents, with added gains on listwise LLM rerankers and a regularizer effect for long inputs
PopPy combines an ahead-of-time compiler and runtime to extract parallelism from Python compound AI applications, delivering up to 6.4x end-to-end speedups while preserving sequential semantics.
SCICONVBENCH is a new benchmark evaluating LLMs on multi-turn disambiguation and inconsistency resolution for task formulation in computational science, with frontier models reaching only 52.7% success on fluid mechanics disambiguation cases.
TABALIGN pairs a diffusion language model planner emitting binary cell masks with a trained attention verifier, raising average accuracy 15.76 points over strong baselines on eight table benchmarks while speeding execution 44.64%.
Goal-Mem improves RAG memory retrieval in agentic LLMs by explicit goal decomposition and backward chaining via Natural Language Logic, outperforming nine baselines on multi-hop and implicit inference tasks.
DIPS fine-tunes LLMs to output ordered feasible decision vectors approximating Pareto fronts for constrained bi-objective convex problems, reaching 95-98% normalized hypervolume with 0.16s inference.
An SMT-based active learning algorithm learns minimal nondeterministic weighted automata over arbitrary semirings, with partial correctness proofs, a sufficient termination condition, and experiments showing smaller models and fewer queries than baselines.
The primary axis of psychometric variation among LLMs is the degree to which they represent themselves as loci of phenomenal experience rather than systems of behavioral responses.
CGFuse enables deep token-level fusion of graph-derived structural features into language models, yielding 10-16% BLEU and 6-11% CodeBLEU gains on code generation tasks.
Two calls per example identify the first two moments of latent correctness probability, enabling exact bounds on the vote-accuracy curve for any majority-vote budget under conditional i.i.d. assumptions.
VOW formulates LLM watermark detection as a secure two-party computation using a Verifiable Oblivious Pseudorandom Function to achieve private and cryptographically verifiable detection.
ReaLM-Retrieve uses step-level uncertainty to trigger retrievals during reasoning, achieving 10.1% better F1 scores and 47% fewer calls on multi-hop QA benchmarks.
DLM4G applies graph-aware adaptive noising in a diffusion framework to generate text from graphs, outperforming larger autoregressive and diffusion baselines in factual grounding and edit sensitivity on three datasets plus molecule captioning.
A survey of 55 agentic VA systems proposes a co-evolutionary framework defining four agent roles (PLANNER, CREATOR, REVIEWER, CONTEXT MANAGER) mapped to visual analytics pipeline stages along with design guidelines.
DetailVerifyBench supplies 1,000 images and densely annotated long captions to evaluate precise hallucination localization in multimodal large language models.
DP-OPD achieves lower perplexity than DP fine-tuning and synthesis-based private distillation under ε=2.0 by enforcing DP-SGD solely on the student during on-policy training with a frozen teacher.
Spectral Tempering derives an adaptive scaling factor γ(k) from the embedding eigenspectrum via local SNR analysis and knee-point normalization to achieve near-optimal compression without training or validation.
Fine-tuning LLMs on Navya-Nyaya's six-phase reasoning structure yields 100% semantic correctness on held-out logical problems despite only 40% strict format adherence.
DualGuard uses adaptive dual-stream watermark signals to detect and trace both paraphrase and spoofing attacks in LLM outputs while preserving text quality.
Hybrid Bayesian-graph LLM agent reaches competitive performance against large models and achieves 67% win rate against humans in controlled Avalon play, outperforming baselines and human teammates.
A GNN trained on bipartite alignment graphs between references and LLM generations reports state-of-the-art hallucination detection across four datasets, beating prior methods and GPT-4o.
citing papers explorer
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Leveraging Multimodal Large Language Models for All-in-One Image Restoration via a Mixture of Frequency Experts
An MLLM-guided architecture with a mixture of frequency experts and relational alignment loss achieves state-of-the-art all-in-one image restoration, outperforming prior methods by up to 1.35 dB on the CDD11 dataset.
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Why Do Multi-Agent LLM Systems Fail?
The authors create the first large-scale dataset and taxonomy of failure modes in multi-agent LLM systems to explain their limited performance gains.
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Decomposing Queries into Tool Calls for Long-Video Keyframe Retrieval
ToolMerge decomposes queries into LLM-planned tool calls merged by boolean operators for long-video keyframe retrieval and introduces the M2M benchmark, showing competitive results with 5% gains on caption retrieval.
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Layer-wise Token Compression for Efficient Document Reranking
Layer-wise Token Compression applies adaptive token pooling at middle transformer layers for cross-encoder rerankers, preserving MS MARCO ranking quality while raising QPS up to 25% on passages and 116% on documents, with added gains on listwise LLM rerankers and a regularizer effect for long inputs
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PopPy: Opportunistically Exploiting Parallelism in Python Compound AI Applications
PopPy combines an ahead-of-time compiler and runtime to extract parallelism from Python compound AI applications, delivering up to 6.4x end-to-end speedups while preserving sequential semantics.
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SCICONVBENCH: Benchmarking LLMs on Multi-Turn Clarification for Task Formulation in Computational Science
SCICONVBENCH is a new benchmark evaluating LLMs on multi-turn disambiguation and inconsistency resolution for task formulation in computational science, with frontier models reaching only 52.7% success on fluid mechanics disambiguation cases.
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From Table to Cell: Attention for Better Reasoning with TABALIGN
TABALIGN pairs a diffusion language model planner emitting binary cell masks with a trained attention verifier, raising average accuracy 15.76 points over strong baselines on eight table benchmarks while speeding execution 44.64%.
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Goal-Oriented Reasoning for RAG-based Memory in Conversational Agentic LLM Systems
Goal-Mem improves RAG memory retrieval in agentic LLMs by explicit goal decomposition and backward chaining via Natural Language Logic, outperforming nine baselines on multi-hop and implicit inference tasks.
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Large Language Models as Amortized Pareto-Front Generators for Constrained Bi-Objective Convex Optimization
DIPS fine-tunes LLMs to output ordered feasible decision vectors approximating Pareto fronts for constrained bi-objective convex problems, reaching 95-98% normalized hypervolume with 0.16s inference.
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SMT-Based Active Learning of Weighted Automata
An SMT-based active learning algorithm learns minimal nondeterministic weighted automata over arbitrary semirings, with partial correctness proofs, a sufficient termination condition, and experiments showing smaller models and fewer queries than baselines.
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The Pinocchio Dimension: Phenomenality of Experience as the Primary Axis of LLM Psychometric Differences
The primary axis of psychometric variation among LLMs is the degree to which they represent themselves as loci of phenomenal experience rather than systems of behavioral responses.
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Deep Graph-Language Fusion for Structure-Aware Code Generation
CGFuse enables deep token-level fusion of graph-derived structural features into language models, yielding 10-16% BLEU and 6-11% CodeBLEU gains on code generation tasks.
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Two Calls, Two Moments, and the Vote-Accuracy Curve of Repeated LLM Inference
Two calls per example identify the first two moments of latent correctness probability, enabling exact bounds on the vote-accuracy curve for any majority-vote budget under conditional i.i.d. assumptions.
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VOW: Verifiable and Oblivious Watermark Detection for Large Language Models
VOW formulates LLM watermark detection as a secure two-party computation using a Verifiable Oblivious Pseudorandom Function to achieve private and cryptographically verifiable detection.
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When to Retrieve During Reasoning: Adaptive Retrieval for Large Reasoning Models
ReaLM-Retrieve uses step-level uncertainty to trigger retrievals during reasoning, achieving 10.1% better F1 scores and 47% fewer calls on multi-hop QA benchmarks.
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Factual and Edit-Sensitive Graph-to-Sequence Generation via Graph-Aware Adaptive Noising
DLM4G applies graph-aware adaptive noising in a diffusion framework to generate text from graphs, outperforming larger autoregressive and diffusion baselines in factual grounding and edit sensitivity on three datasets plus molecule captioning.
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Exploring Agentic Visual Analytics: A Co-Evolutionary Framework of Roles and Workflows
A survey of 55 agentic VA systems proposes a co-evolutionary framework defining four agent roles (PLANNER, CREATOR, REVIEWER, CONTEXT MANAGER) mapped to visual analytics pipeline stages along with design guidelines.
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DetailVerifyBench: A Benchmark for Dense Hallucination Localization in Long Image Captions
DetailVerifyBench supplies 1,000 images and densely annotated long captions to evaluate precise hallucination localization in multimodal large language models.
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DP-OPD: Differentially Private On-Policy Distillation for Language Models
DP-OPD achieves lower perplexity than DP fine-tuning and synthesis-based private distillation under ε=2.0 by enforcing DP-SGD solely on the student during on-policy training with a frozen teacher.
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Spectral Tempering for Embedding Compression in Dense Passage Retrieval
Spectral Tempering derives an adaptive scaling factor γ(k) from the embedding eigenspectrum via local SNR analysis and knee-point normalization to achieve near-optimal compression without training or validation.
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Pramana: Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Epistemic Reasoning through Navya-Nyaya
Fine-tuning LLMs on Navya-Nyaya's six-phase reasoning structure yields 100% semantic correctness on held-out logical problems despite only 40% strict format adherence.
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DualGuard: Dual-stream Large Language Model Watermarking Defense against Paraphrase and Spoofing Attack
DualGuard uses adaptive dual-stream watermark signals to detect and trace both paraphrase and spoofing attacks in LLM outputs while preserving text quality.
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Bayesian Social Deduction with Graph-Informed Language Models
Hybrid Bayesian-graph LLM agent reaches competitive performance against large models and achieves 67% win rate against humans in controlled Avalon play, outperforming baselines and human teammates.
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Graph Alignment Topology as an Inductive Bias for Grounding Detection
A GNN trained on bipartite alignment graphs between references and LLM generations reports state-of-the-art hallucination detection across four datasets, beating prior methods and GPT-4o.
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TRACE: Trajectory Correction from Cross-layer Evidence for Hallucination Reduction
TRACE uses cross-layer candidate trajectories inside frozen LLMs to dynamically select and apply one of three correction operators, delivering mean gains of +12.26 MC1 and +8.65 MC2 points across 15 models and 3 benchmarks with no regressions.
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Learning-Zone Energy: Online Data Selection for Efficient RL Post-Training
Learning-Zone Energy is a new online data selection framework for RL post-training that retains 40% of data per step yet matches or exceeds full-data baselines on math tasks with 36% lower FLOPs.
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ALSO: Adversarial Online Strategy Optimization for Social Agents
ALSO frames social agent interactions as an adversarial bandit problem with a neural reward predictor to enable online strategy optimization in non-stationary multi-agent simulations.
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MIRA: An LLM-Assisted Benchmark for Multi-Category Integrated Retrieval
MIRA is a new benchmark for multi-category integrated retrieval built from real queries on a social science platform, with LLM assistance for topic descriptions and relevance labeling across four item categories.
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An Annotation Scheme and Classifier for Personal Facts in Dialogue
An extended annotation scheme with new categories and attributes plus a Gemma-300M-based multi-head classifier achieves 81.6% macro F1 on personal fact classification, outperforming few-shot LLM baselines by nearly 9 points with lower compute.
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ANCHOR: Abductive Network Construction with Hierarchical Orchestration for Reliable Probability Inference in Large Language Models
ANCHOR constructs dense hierarchical factor spaces via LLM generation and clustering, then augments Naive Bayes with a causal Bayesian network to reduce unknown predictions and improve reliability of LLM-based probability estimates.
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Permit: Permission-Aware Representation Intervention for Controlled Generation in Large Language Models
Permit identifies a permission-sensitive subspace in LLM hidden states and applies lightweight offset or gated interventions to enforce fine-grained generation control, outperforming prior methods with over 18% F1 gain and near-zero leakage using over 98% fewer parameters.
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Bias and Uncertainty in LLM-as-a-Judge Estimation
Bias-corrected LLM-as-a-Judge estimators can reverse true model orderings under shared calibration, and the paper supplies judge quality J and cross-model instability ΔJ as practical diagnostics for when such estimates are unreliable.
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MASPO: Joint Prompt Optimization for LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems
MASPO jointly optimizes prompts in multi-agent LLM systems via downstream-success evaluation and evolutionary beam search, delivering 2.9 average accuracy gains over prior methods across six tasks.
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SkillOS: Learning Skill Curation for Self-Evolving Agents
SkillOS is an RL recipe that learns to curate reusable skills for self-evolving LLM agents, outperforming memory-free and memory-based baselines while generalizing across executors and domains.
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CuraView: A Multi-Agent Framework for Medical Hallucination Detection with GraphRAG-Enhanced Knowledge Verification
CuraView detects sentence-level faithfulness hallucinations in medical discharge summaries via GraphRAG knowledge graphs and multi-agent evidence grading, achieving 0.831 F1 on critical contradictions with a fine-tuned Qwen3-14B model and 50% relative improvement over baselines.
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From Unstructured Recall to Schema-Grounded Memory: Reliable AI Memory via Iterative, Schema-Aware Extraction
Schema-aware iterative extraction turns AI memory into a verified system of record, reaching 90-97% accuracy on extraction and end-to-end memory benchmarks where retrieval baselines score 80-87%.
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NeocorRAG: Less Irrelevant Information, More Explicit Evidence, and More Effective Recall via Evidence Chains
NeocorRAG uses Evidence Chains to achieve SOTA retrieval quality in RAG on HotpotQA, 2WikiMultiHopQA, MuSiQue, and NQ for 3B and 70B models while using under 20% of the tokens of comparable methods.
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When AI reviews science: Can we trust the referee?
AI peer review systems are vulnerable to prompt injections, prestige biases, assertion strength effects, and contextual poisoning, as demonstrated by a new attack taxonomy and causal experiments on real conference submissions.
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Zero-Shot Detection of LLM-Generated Text via Implicit Reward Model
IRM derives implicit reward signals from off-the-shelf LLMs to detect generated text zero-shot and reports better results than prior zero-shot and supervised detectors on the DetectRL benchmark.
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AVISE: Framework for Evaluating the Security of AI Systems
AVISE provides a new framework and automated SET that identifies jailbreak vulnerabilities in language models with 92% accuracy, finding all nine tested models vulnerable to an augmented Red Queen attack.
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Autonomous Skeletal Landmark Localization towards Agentic C-Arm Control
Fine-tuned MLLMs achieve competitive skeletal landmark localization on synthetic and real X-ray datasets compared to deep learning baselines and demonstrate reasoning for sequential C-arm navigation.
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Privacy-Preserving LLMs Routing
PPRoute achieves plaintext-level LLM routing quality with MPC-based privacy and a 20x speedup over naive encrypted implementations via MPC-friendly encoders, multi-step training, and O(1) communication Top-k search.
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The Enforcement and Feasibility of Hate Speech Moderation on Twitter
80% of hateful tweets remain online after five months with no higher removal rate than non-hateful content, while human-AI moderation pipelines can feasibly cut user exposure below regulatory penalty costs.
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Revisiting Anisotropy in Language Transformers: The Geometry of Learning Dynamics
Anisotropy in language transformers arises because training amplifies tangent directions, with activation-based low-rank proxies capturing unusually large gradient energy and anisotropy share compared to controls.
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Busemann energy-based attention for emotion analysis in Poincar\'e discs
A fully hyperbolic attention model using Busemann energy in Poincaré discs produces emotion predictions from text that generalize well even at low embedding dimensions.
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Structured Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Large Language Models with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and DualJudge
Fuzzy AHP and DualJudge deliver more stable and calibrated LLM evaluations than direct scoring by breaking assessments into explicit criteria and adaptively fusing intuitive and deliberative judgments.
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Valence-Arousal Subspace in LLMs: Circular Emotion Geometry and Multi-Behavioral Control
Emotion vectors in LLMs lie in a circular valence-arousal subspace that supports monotonic control over text affect and bidirectional control over refusal and sycophancy.
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Beyond Precision: Importance-Aware Recall for Factuality Evaluation in Long-Form LLM Generation
An importance-aware recall metric for LLM factuality evaluation reveals models are better at avoiding false claims than covering all relevant facts.
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Composer Vector: Style-steering Symbolic Music Generation in a Latent Space
Composer Vector steers symbolic music generation models in latent space at inference time to control and blend composer styles without retraining.
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Cooking Up Risks: Benchmarking and Reducing Food Safety Risks in Large Language Models
A new benchmark exposes food-safety gaps in current LLMs and guardrails, and a fine-tuned 4B model is offered as a domain-specific fix.