TopoFisher optimizes trainable filtrations, vectorizations, and compressors in persistent homology to maximize Fisher information, yielding higher information than fixed cosmological summaries and approaching neural baselines with far fewer parameters while generalizing better under simulator shifts
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The Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Cosmological Implications from two Decades of Spectroscopic Surveys at the Apache Point observatory
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abstract
We present the cosmological implications from final measurements of clustering using galaxies, quasars, and Ly$\alpha$ forests from the completed Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) lineage of experiments in large-scale structure. These experiments, composed of data from SDSS, SDSS-II, BOSS, and eBOSS, offer independent measurements of baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements of angular-diameter distances and Hubble distances relative to the sound horizon, $r_d$, from eight different samples and six measurements of the growth rate parameter, $f\sigma_8$, from redshift-space distortions (RSD). This composite sample is the most constraining of its kind and allows us to perform a comprehensive assessment of the cosmological model after two decades of dedicated spectroscopic observation. We show that the BAO data alone are able to rule out dark-energy-free models at more than eight standard deviations in an extension to the flat, $\Lambda$CDM model that allows for curvature. When combined with Planck Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) measurements of temperature and polarization the BAO data provide nearly an order of magnitude improvement on curvature constraints. The RSD measurements indicate a growth rate that is consistent with predictions from Planck primary data and with General Relativity. When combining the results of SDSS BAO and RSD with external data, all multiple-parameter extensions remain consistent with a $\Lambda$CDM model. Regardless of cosmological model, the precision on $\Omega_\Lambda$, $H_0$, and $\sigma_8$, remains at roughly 1\%, showing changes of less than 0.6\% in the central values between models. The inverse distance ladder measurement under a o$w_0w_a$CDM yields $H_0= 68.20 \pm 0.81 \, \rm km\, s^{-1} Mpc^{-1}$, remaining in tension with several direct determination methods. (abridged)
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representative citing papers
GI BAO provides a robust consistency check for density BAO and shear data, with the first photometric measurement on DES Y3 showing agreement at α = 0.966 ± 0.252.
First direct constraints on total cosmic backreaction over a significant redshift range are consistent with vanishing backreaction within 1 sigma but are too weak to exclude meaningful backreaction.
Bubble collisions in a seesaw model produce right-handed neutrinos that source novel gravitational waves detectable by LISA, ET, and LVK while allowing the lightest RHN to explain dark matter or enable leptogenesis.
DESI DR2 BAO data exhibits 2.3 sigma tension with CMB in Lambda-CDM but prefers evolving dark energy (w0 > -1, wa < 0) at 3.1 sigma with CMB and 2.8-4.2 sigma when including supernovae.
First-year DESI BAO data are consistent with flat LambdaCDM and, when combined with CMB, show a 2.5-3.9 sigma preference for evolving dark energy (w0 > -1, wa < 0) that strengthens with certain supernova datasets.
DESI measures BAO scales in six redshift bins with 0.52% combined precision using 5.7 million objects, detecting the signal at up to 9.1 sigma and finding larger scales than Planck LCDM at z<0.8.
Void-galaxy cross-correlation multipoles exhibit amplified size-dependent deviations from LCDM in f(R) gravity due to the scalaron fifth force and nonlinear shell dynamics, providing a new probe for modified gravity.
An EFT consistency map transports cosmology-conditioned posteriors from scalar-tensor FLRW backgrounds to black-hole quasinormal-mode kernels, showing tensor-speed effects fall below ringdown detectability while other operators remain potentially active near black holes.
kSZ measurements constrain the gravitational acceleration between galaxy halos to follow g ∝ 1/r^{2.1±0.3}, consistent with Newtonian gravity in ΛCDM.
Bootstrap-based symbolic regression on supernova and BAO data finds mild 2-4 sigma deviations from FLRW consistency relations, which if real would rule out most FLRW-based solutions to cosmological tensions.
A new quintessence model with non-minimal coupling produces an effective sign-switching interaction that fits current data better than LambdaCDM or w0waCDM and accounts for late-time dark energy weakening without phantom crossing.
Quintessence potential decreases monotonically with redshift while kinetic energy crosses zero near z=1, with negative values at intermediate redshifts being statistical artifacts from derivative reconstruction.
DESI DR1 full-shape clustering yields Ω_m = 0.2962 ± 0.0095 and σ_8 = 0.842 ± 0.034 in flat ΛCDM, tightening to H_0 = 68.40 ± 0.27 km/s/Mpc with CMB and DESY3, while favoring w_0 > -1, w_a < 0 and limiting neutrino mass sum to < 0.071 eV.
DESI DR1 full-shape galaxy clustering constrains Omega_m = 0.296 ± 0.010, H0 = 68.63 ± 0.79 km/s/Mpc, and sigma_8 = 0.841 ± 0.034, consistent with LambdaCDM and Planck.
Node-based reconstruction of cosmic expansion prefers stronger deceleration at z≈1.7 than smooth DE EoS parametrizations, isolating z~1.5-2 as a window where the latter may compress localized kinematic features permitted by current data.
Hybrid f(Q) cosmology with a 1/Q term is forced into background degeneracy with LambdaCDM but breaks it in the growth sector, yielding moderate preference over LambdaCDM when RSD data are included while leaving the background unchanged.
SN peculiar velocities plus Planck CMB data give joint constraints on σ8, γ, and Ωk, with hints of positive curvature (Ωk ≈ -0.01) at 2-3σ and γ values consistent with GR.
Gravitationally induced particle creation models fit cosmological data as well as ΛCDM and reduce the Hubble tension from 4.3σ to 2.4–3σ.
Betti curves from persistent homology of large-scale structure provide complementary cosmological constraints on ns, sigma8, and Om, with tighter bounds when analyzed jointly with the power spectrum.
DESI DR2 BAO and full-shape data plus CMB yield ∑m_ν < 0.0642 eV (95% CL) under ΛCDM, in 3σ tension with oscillation lower limits, relaxed to <0.163 eV in w0waCDM.
Planck PR4 maps with optimal filtering yield CMB lensing amplitude 1.004 ± 0.024 and σ8 Ωm^0.25 = 0.599 ± 0.016, the tightest lensing constraint yet.
MUST is a new 6.5 m telescope designed to deliver simultaneous optical spectra for over 20,000 targets across a 5 deg² field, enabling the largest 3D spectroscopic map of the Universe with redshifts for more than 100 million objects over an 8-year survey.
The ANN-reconstructed Hubble parameter H(z) from cosmic chronometers aligns with Lambda CDM predictions within uncertainties.
citing papers explorer
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TopoFisher: Learning Topological Summary Statistics by Maximizing Fisher Information
TopoFisher optimizes trainable filtrations, vectorizations, and compressors in persistent homology to maximize Fisher information, yielding higher information than fixed cosmological summaries and approaching neural baselines with far fewer parameters while generalizing better under simulator shifts
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GI BAO as a cosmological consistency check
GI BAO provides a robust consistency check for density BAO and shear data, with the first photometric measurement on DES Y3 showing agreement at α = 0.966 ± 0.252.
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First observational constraints on cosmic backreaction over an extended redshift range
First direct constraints on total cosmic backreaction over a significant redshift range are consistent with vanishing backreaction within 1 sigma but are too weak to exclude meaningful backreaction.
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Cosmic Collider Gravitational Waves sourced by Right-handed Neutrino production from Bubbles: Testing Seesaw, Leptogenesis and Dark Matter
Bubble collisions in a seesaw model produce right-handed neutrinos that source novel gravitational waves detectable by LISA, ET, and LVK while allowing the lightest RHN to explain dark matter or enable leptogenesis.
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DESI DR2 Results II: Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and Cosmological Constraints
DESI DR2 BAO data exhibits 2.3 sigma tension with CMB in Lambda-CDM but prefers evolving dark energy (w0 > -1, wa < 0) at 3.1 sigma with CMB and 2.8-4.2 sigma when including supernovae.
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DESI 2024 VI: Cosmological Constraints from the Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations
First-year DESI BAO data are consistent with flat LambdaCDM and, when combined with CMB, show a 2.5-3.9 sigma preference for evolving dark energy (w0 > -1, wa < 0) that strengthens with certain supernova datasets.
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DESI 2024 III: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Galaxies and Quasars
DESI measures BAO scales in six redshift bins with 0.52% combined precision using 5.7 million objects, detecting the signal at up to 9.1 sigma and finding larger scales than Planck LCDM at z<0.8.
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Unveiling $f(R)$ Gravity with Void-Galaxy Cross-Correlation Multipoles
Void-galaxy cross-correlation multipoles exhibit amplified size-dependent deviations from LCDM in f(R) gravity due to the scalaron fifth force and nonlinear shell dynamics, providing a new probe for modified gravity.
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A cosmology-to-ringdown EFT consistency map for scalar-tensor gravity
An EFT consistency map transports cosmology-conditioned posteriors from scalar-tensor FLRW backgrounds to black-hole quasinormal-mode kernels, showing tensor-speed effects fall below ringdown detectability while other operators remain potentially active near black holes.
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The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Test of the Gravitational Force Law on Cosmological Scales Using the Kinematic Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect
kSZ measurements constrain the gravitational acceleration between galaxy halos to follow g ∝ 1/r^{2.1±0.3}, consistent with Newtonian gravity in ΛCDM.
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Model-independent constraints on generalized FLRW consistency relations with bootstrap-based symbolic regression
Bootstrap-based symbolic regression on supernova and BAO data finds mild 2-4 sigma deviations from FLRW consistency relations, which if real would rule out most FLRW-based solutions to cosmological tensions.
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Non-minimally coupled quintessence with sign-switching interaction
A new quintessence model with non-minimal coupling produces an effective sign-switching interaction that fits current data better than LambdaCDM or w0waCDM and accounts for late-time dark energy weakening without phantom crossing.
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Model-Independent Reconstruction of Quintessence Potential and Kinetic Energy from DESI DR2 and Pantheon+ Supernovae
Quintessence potential decreases monotonically with redshift while kinetic energy crosses zero near z=1, with negative values at intermediate redshifts being statistical artifacts from derivative reconstruction.
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DESI 2024 VII: Cosmological Constraints from the Full-Shape Modeling of Clustering Measurements
DESI DR1 full-shape clustering yields Ω_m = 0.2962 ± 0.0095 and σ_8 = 0.842 ± 0.034 in flat ΛCDM, tightening to H_0 = 68.40 ± 0.27 km/s/Mpc with CMB and DESY3, while favoring w_0 > -1, w_a < 0 and limiting neutrino mass sum to < 0.071 eV.
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DESI 2024 V: Full-Shape Galaxy Clustering from Galaxies and Quasars
DESI DR1 full-shape galaxy clustering constrains Omega_m = 0.296 ± 0.010, H0 = 68.63 ± 0.79 km/s/Mpc, and sigma_8 = 0.841 ± 0.034, consistent with LambdaCDM and Planck.
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Do equation of state parametrizations of dark energy faithfully capture the dynamics of the late universe?
Node-based reconstruction of cosmic expansion prefers stronger deceleration at z≈1.7 than smooth DE EoS parametrizations, isolating z~1.5-2 as a window where the latter may compress localized kinematic features permitted by current data.
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Beyond the Cosmological Constant: Breaking the Geometric Degeneracy of $ f(Q) $ cosmology via Redshift-Space Distortions
Hybrid f(Q) cosmology with a 1/Q term is forced into background degeneracy with LambdaCDM but breaks it in the growth sector, yielding moderate preference over LambdaCDM when RSD data are included while leaving the background unchanged.
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Joint Curvature and Growth Rate measurements with Supernova Peculiar Velocities and the CMB
SN peculiar velocities plus Planck CMB data give joint constraints on σ8, γ, and Ωk, with hints of positive curvature (Ωk ≈ -0.01) at 2-3σ and γ values consistent with GR.
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Revisiting the Matter Creation Process: Observational Constraints on Gravitationally Induced Dark Energy and the Hubble Tension
Gravitationally induced particle creation models fit cosmological data as well as ΛCDM and reduce the Hubble tension from 4.3σ to 2.4–3σ.
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Counting voids and filaments: Betti Curves as a Powerful Probe for Cosmology
Betti curves from persistent homology of large-scale structure provide complementary cosmological constraints on ns, sigma8, and Om, with tighter bounds when analyzed jointly with the power spectrum.
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Constraints on Neutrino Physics from DESI DR2 BAO and DR1 Full Shape
DESI DR2 BAO and full-shape data plus CMB yield ∑m_ν < 0.0642 eV (95% CL) under ΛCDM, in 3σ tension with oscillation lower limits, relaxed to <0.163 eV in w0waCDM.
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CMB lensing from Planck PR4 maps
Planck PR4 maps with optimal filtering yield CMB lensing amplitude 1.004 ± 0.024 and σ8 Ωm^0.25 = 0.599 ± 0.016, the tightest lensing constraint yet.
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From Large Telescopes to the MUltiplexed Survey Telescope (MUST)
MUST is a new 6.5 m telescope designed to deliver simultaneous optical spectra for over 20,000 targets across a 5 deg² field, enabling the largest 3D spectroscopic map of the Universe with redshifts for more than 100 million objects over an 8-year survey.
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Testing $\Lambda$CDM with ANN-Reconstructed Expansion History from Cosmic Chronometers
The ANN-reconstructed Hubble parameter H(z) from cosmic chronometers aligns with Lambda CDM predictions within uncertainties.
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Coupled Dark Energy and Dark Matter for DESI: An Effective Guide to the Phantom Divide
Coupled quintessence-dark matter models can produce an apparent phantom-crossing effective equation of state matching DESI preferences if the scalar field begins frozen in the radiation era.
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Extended Dark Energy analysis using DESI DR2 BAO measurements
Extended analysis of DESI DR2 data confirms robust evidence for dynamical dark energy with phantom crossing preference, stable under parametric and non-parametric modeling.
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DESI DR2 Results I: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from the Lyman Alpha Forest
DESI DR2 delivers 0.65% precision BAO measurements from the LyA forest at z_eff=2.33, with D_H/r_d = 8.632 ± 0.098 ± 0.026 and D_M/r_d = 38.99 ± 0.52 ± 0.12.