3D wind-tunnel simulations in the χ~10^3 regime show clump-cocoon geometry sets SB_X/SB_Hα~3, with Hα fraction fixed by atomic physics and X-ray fraction set by residence time in the X-ray band that scales inversely with pressure.
Kinetic turbulence in relativistic plasma: from thermal bath to non-thermal continuum
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abstract
We present results from particle-in-cell simulations of driven turbulence in magnetized, collisionless, and relativistic pair plasma. We find that fluctuations are consistent with the classical $k_\perp^{-5/3}$ magnetic energy spectrum at fluid scales and a steeper $k_\perp^{-4}$ spectrum at sub-Larmor scales, where $k_\perp$ is the wavevector perpendicular to the mean field. We demonstrate the development of a non-thermal, power-law particle energy distribution, $f(E) \sim E^{-\alpha}$, with index $\alpha$ that decreases with increasing magnetization and increases with increasing system size (relative to the characteristic Larmor radius). Our simulations indicate that turbulence can be a viable source of energetic particles in high-energy astrophysical systems, such as pulsar wind nebulae, if scalings asymptotically become insensitive to the system size.
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3D PIC simulations of relativistic turbulence show mirror interactions drive perpendicular momentum gains correlated with local magnetic-field strengthening, yielding anisotropic high-energy particle distributions and enhanced confinement.
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Clumps in a Cocoon: Geometry and Mixing Set the Universal X-ray to H$\alpha$ Surface Brightness Ratio
3D wind-tunnel simulations in the χ~10^3 regime show clump-cocoon geometry sets SB_X/SB_Hα~3, with Hα fraction fixed by atomic physics and X-ray fraction set by residence time in the X-ray band that scales inversely with pressure.
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Studying the mirror acceleration via kinetic simulations of relativistic plasma turbulence
3D PIC simulations of relativistic turbulence show mirror interactions drive perpendicular momentum gains correlated with local magnetic-field strengthening, yielding anisotropic high-energy particle distributions and enhanced confinement.