{"work":{"id":"88ed52e6-c359-4378-a08e-23e8d2ae16e0","openalex_id":null,"doi":null,"arxiv_id":"2503.07752","raw_key":"raw:9887192709939875e8317ac6","title":"Neutrino masses and mixing: Entering the era of subpercent precision","authors":null,"authors_text":"Francesco Capozzi, William Giar` e, Eligio Lisi, Antonio Marrone, Alessandro Melchiorri, and Antonio Palazzo, “Neutrino masses and mixing: Entering the era of subpercent precision,” Phys","year":2025,"venue":"hep-ph","abstract":"We perform an updated global analysis of the known and unknown parameters of the standard $3\\nu$ framework as of 2025. The known oscillation parameters include three mixing angles $(\\theta_{12},\\,\\theta_{23},\\,\\theta_{13})$ and two squared mass gaps, chosen as $\\delta m^2=m^2_2-m^2_1>0$ and $\\Delta m^2=m^2_3-{\\textstyle\\frac{1}{2}}(m^2_1+m^2_2)$, where $\\alpha=\\mathrm{sign}(\\Delta m^2)$ distinguishes normal ordering (NO, $\\alpha=+1$) from inverted ordering (IO, $\\alpha=-1$). With respect to our previous 2021 update, the combination of oscillation data leads to appreciably reduced uncertainties for $\\theta_{23}$, $\\theta_{13}$ and $|\\Delta m^2|$. In particular, $|\\Delta m^2|$ is the first $3\\nu$ parameter to enter the domain of subpercent precision (0.8\\% at $1\\sigma$). We underline some issues about systematics, that might affect this error estimate. Concerning oscillation unknowns, we find a relatively weak preference for NO versus IO (at $2.2\\sigma$), for CP violation versus conservation in NO (1.3$\\sigma$) and for the first $\\theta_{23}$ octant versus the second in NO ($1.1\\sigma$). We discuss the status and qualitative prospects of the mass ordering hint in the plane $(\\delta m^2,\\,\\Delta m^2_{ee})$, where $\\Delta m^2_{ee}=|\\Delta m^2|+{\\textstyle\\frac{1}{2}}\\alpha(\\cos^2\\theta_{12}-\\sin^2\\theta_{12})\\delta m^2$, to be measured by the JUNO experiment with subpercent precision. We also discuss upper bounds on nonoscillation observables. We report $m_\\beta<0.50$~eV and $m_{\\beta\\beta}<0.086$~eV ($2\\sigma$). Concerning the sum of neutrino masses $\\Sigma$, we discuss representative combinations of data, with or without augmenting the $\\Lambda$CDM model with extra parameters accounting for possible systematics or new physics. The resulting $2\\sigma$ upper limits are roughly spread around the bound $\\Sigma < 0.2$~eV within a factor of three. [Abridged]","external_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.07752","cited_by_count":null,"metadata_source":"pith","metadata_fetched_at":"2026-07-10T19:37:33.976489+00:00","pith_arxiv_id":"2503.07752","created_at":"2026-05-12T05:56:39.564355+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-10T19:37:33.976489+00:00","title_quality_ok":true,"display_title":"Capozzi, W","render_title":"Capozzi, W"},"hub":{"state":{"work_id":"88ed52e6-c359-4378-a08e-23e8d2ae16e0","tier":"hub","tier_reason":"10+ Pith inbound or 1,000+ external citations","pith_inbound_count":17,"external_cited_by_count":null,"distinct_field_count":3,"first_pith_cited_at":"2025-11-19T05:07:57+00:00","last_pith_cited_at":"2026-07-08T11:53:59+00:00","author_build_status":"not_needed","summary_status":"needed","contexts_status":"needed","graph_status":"needed","ask_index_status":"not_needed","reader_status":"not_needed","recognition_status":"not_needed","updated_at":"2026-08-22T14:19:58.306376+00:00","tier_text":"hub"},"tier":"hub","role_counts":[{"context_role":"background","n":5}],"polarity_counts":[{"context_polarity":"background","n":4},{"context_polarity":"unclear","n":1}],"runs":{},"summary":{},"graph":{},"authors":[]}}