ATLAS reports a 6 sigma observation that nuclear parton distribution modifications in photonuclear Pb+Pb collisions depend on impact parameter, shown by differing cross-section shapes versus x+ with and without forward neutron emission.
Nucleon-Nucleon Correlations, Short-lived Excitations, and the Quarks Within
8 Pith papers cite this work, alongside 356 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
This article reviews our current understanding of how the internal quark structure of a nucleon bound in nuclei differs from that of a free nucleon. We focus on the interpretation of measurements of the EMC effect for valence quarks, a reduction in the Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) cross-section ratios for nuclei relative to deuterium, and its possible connection to nucleon-nucleon Short-Range Correlations (SRC) in nuclei. Our review and new analysis (involving the amplitudes of non-nucleonic configurations in the nucleus) of the available experimental and theoretical evidence shows that there is a phenomenological relation between the EMC effect and the effects of SRC that is not an accident. The influence of strongly correlated neutron-proton pairs involving highly virtual nucleons is responsible for both effects. These correlated pairs are temporary high-density fluctuations in the nucleus in which the internal structure of the nucleons is briefly modified. This conclusion needs to be solidified by the future experiments and improved theoretical analyses that are discussed herein.
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UNVERDICTED 8representative citing papers
Proposes EIC jet-pion-electron measurements to detect and quantify short-range quark pair correlations in protons, expecting ud pairs to dominate due to diquark attraction.
A relative-entropy method with a minimum-relative-entropy hypothesis reproduces quark nPDF shapes from global fits and indicates that EPPS21 gluon central values align more closely with the hypothesis than nNNPDF3.0.
Precision measurement of bremsstrahlung gamma rays in 124Sn+124Sn collisions at 25 MeV/u yields a high-momentum tail fraction of (20 ± 3)% in 124Sn when compared to IBUU simulations.
Three-body nuclear contacts in nuclei follow a scaling law derived from the semi-empirical mass formula that reproduces the authors' computed values across medium-mass and heavy nuclei.
Calculations in the impulse approximation indicate that radiative Bhabha scattering at BESIII could produce tens of thousands of γn → π⁻p events on deuteron and beryllium targets, enabling precise neutron momentum distribution measurements.
Phenomenological study predicting incomplete tau polarization at FASER2, observable neutrino and muon trident processes, and contributions to hadron structure from IceCube neutrino events.
A review summarizing experimental evidence, theoretical models of nuclear shadowing, model-agnostic nuclear PDF extractions, and prospects for LHC and EIC studies.
citing papers explorer
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Observation of impact parameter dependent modifications of nuclear parton distributions in photonuclear Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS reports a 6 sigma observation that nuclear parton distribution modifications in photonuclear Pb+Pb collisions depend on impact parameter, shown by differing cross-section shapes versus x+ with and without forward neutron emission.
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Short-Range Correlations Between Partons in a Proton
Proposes EIC jet-pion-electron measurements to detect and quantify short-range quark pair correlations in protons, expecting ud pairs to dominate due to diquark attraction.
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An analysis of nuclear parton distribution function based on relative entropy
A relative-entropy method with a minimum-relative-entropy hypothesis reproduces quark nPDF shapes from global fits and indicates that EPPS21 gluon central values align more closely with the hypothesis than nNNPDF3.0.
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Experimental Study of Bremsstrahlung Gamma Ray Emission and Short-Range Correlations in $^{124}$Sn+$^{124}$Sn Collisions at 25 MeV/u
Precision measurement of bremsstrahlung gamma rays in 124Sn+124Sn collisions at 25 MeV/u yields a high-momentum tail fraction of (20 ± 3)% in 124Sn when compared to IBUU simulations.
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Scaling Laws for Three-Body Nuclear Contacts
Three-body nuclear contacts in nuclei follow a scaling law derived from the semi-empirical mass formula that reproduces the authors' computed values across medium-mass and heavy nuclei.
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Exploring the neutron momentum distribution in nuclei through $\gamma n \to \pi^- p$ at an electron-positron collider
Calculations in the impulse approximation indicate that radiative Bhabha scattering at BESIII could produce tens of thousands of γn → π⁻p events on deuteron and beryllium targets, enabling precise neutron momentum distribution measurements.
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Lepton interactions from GeV to EeV
Phenomenological study predicting incomplete tau polarization at FASER2, observable neutrino and muon trident processes, and contributions to hadron structure from IceCube neutrino events.
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Nuclear parton distributions and nuclear shadowing
A review summarizing experimental evidence, theoretical models of nuclear shadowing, model-agnostic nuclear PDF extractions, and prospects for LHC and EIC studies.