A continuous one-parameter family of holographic geometries interpolates between confining and deconfined phases, with string tension and chiral condensate vanishing smoothly at the black hole endpoint.
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Quantum field theory in a magnetic field: From quantum chromodynamics to graphene and Dirac semimetals
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abstract
A range of quantum field theoretical phenomena driven by external magnetic fields and their applications in relativistic systems and quasirelativistic condensed matter ones, such as graphene and Dirac/Weyl semimetals, are reviewed. We start by introducing the underlying physics of the magnetic catalysis. The dimensional reduction of the low-energy dynamics of relativistic fermions in an external magnetic field is explained and its role in catalyzing spontaneous symmetry breaking is emphasized. The general theoretical consideration is supplemented by the analysis of the magnetic catalysis in quantum electrodynamics, chromodynamics and quasirelativistic models relevant for condensed matter physics. By generalizing the ideas of the magnetic catalysis to the case of nonzero density and temperature, we argue that other interesting phenomena take place. The chiral magnetic and chiral separation effects are perhaps the most interesting among them. In addition to the general discussion of the physics underlying chiral magnetic and separation effects, we also review their possible phenomenological implications in heavy-ion collisions and compact stars. We also discuss the application of the magnetic catalysis ideas for the description of the quantum Hall effect in monolayer and bilayer graphene, and conclude that the generalized magnetic catalysis, including both the magnetic catalysis condensates and the quantum Hall ferromagnetic ones, lies at the basis of this phenomenon. We also consider how an external magnetic field affects the underlying physics in a class of three-dimensional quasirelativistic condensed matter systems, Dirac semimetals. While at sufficiently low temperatures and zero density of charge carriers, such semimetals are expected to reveal the regime of the magnetic catalysis, the regime of Weyl semimetals with chiral asymmetry is realized at nonzero density...
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In the NJL model with exact phase-space diagonalization, magnetic catalysis of the chiral condensate quenches the tachyonic instability of the spin-aligned rho+ by driving the 2M threshold above the Zeeman-lowered mass, preventing condensation.
Crystal point groups parametrize SME Lorentz-violating coefficients in electromagnetic media, turning birefringent and multiferroic crystals into analogs for high-energy symmetry violations.
In a rigidly rotating free Fermi gas, the relativistic Barnett effect produces different Fermi energies for spin-up and spin-down fermions, leading to a moment of inertia that scales as 1/T at high temperature, analogous to the Curie law.
QED scattering amplitudes in a chiral medium with constant μ5 and b0 exhibit resonant behavior in multiple processes, with computed rates for 1→2 processes determining widths of fermion and photon states.
Coupled DSE solutions show gluon screening mass increase suppresses quark-gluon interaction and drives inverse magnetic catalysis near the chiral phase transition.
Holographic U(1)V x U(1)A Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory in Schwarzschild-AdS5 yields thirteen momentum- and B-field-dependent transport coefficient functions for chiral plasma currents, applied to negative magnetoresistance and chiral magnetic waves beyond hydrodynamics.
Magnetic translation symmetry in QFT with external magnetic field forces charged operator two-point functions to factor into a Schwinger phase times a reduced correlator depending only on relative coordinates.
Finite-size effects in the nonlocal PNJL model shift the critical end point of magnetized quark matter toward higher chemical potentials and lower temperatures as droplet radius decreases.
In the NJL model, increasing isospin chemical potential favors pion superfluidity at small magnetic fields and rho superconductivity at large magnetic fields.
The disagreement between two definitions of electric susceptibility in hot QCD stems from infrared regularization and thermodynamic ensemble choices, as shown by exact fermion propagator calculations and a hadron resonance gas model.
The chiral magnetic effect generates magnetar-strength dipoles on decade timescales independently of net initial helicity, driven by localized helical structures and a threshold chiral chemical potential.
In the two-flavor linear sigma model with quarks, the chiral phase transition at T=0 is first order and occurs at a quark chemical potential equal to the vacuum quark mass.
In the NJL model, π⁰-γ mixing under strong B fields affects only one polarization state and produces less than 15% change in pion mass and quark couplings up to 1 GeV²/e, at variance with earlier results.
Pion spectral functions in magnetic fields develop multi-peak structures for neutral pions from Landau levels and Landau cuts for charged pions, with decay widths narrowing at higher temperatures indicating increased stability.
citing papers explorer
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Confinement and chiral symmetry breaking in holography: a smooth switch-off
A continuous one-parameter family of holographic geometries interpolates between confining and deconfined phases, with string tension and chiral condensate vanishing smoothly at the black hole endpoint.
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Mass spectra of charged mesons and the quenching of vector meson condensation via exact phase-space diagonalization
In the NJL model with exact phase-space diagonalization, magnetic catalysis of the chiral condensate quenches the tachyonic instability of the spin-aligned rho+ by driving the 2M threshold above the Zeeman-lowered mass, preventing condensation.
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Crystallography, Lorentz violation, and the Standard-Model Extension
Crystal point groups parametrize SME Lorentz-violating coefficients in electromagnetic media, turning birefringent and multiferroic crystals into analogs for high-energy symmetry violations.
-
Relativistic Barnett effect and Curie law in a rigidly rotating free Fermi gas
In a rigidly rotating free Fermi gas, the relativistic Barnett effect produces different Fermi energies for spin-up and spin-down fermions, leading to a moment of inertia that scales as 1/T at high temperature, analogous to the Curie law.
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Scattering Amplitudes and Resonant Processes in QED with Chiral Chemical Potential and Chiral Magnetic Conductivity
QED scattering amplitudes in a chiral medium with constant μ5 and b0 exhibit resonant behavior in multiple processes, with computed rates for 1→2 processes determining widths of fermion and photon states.
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From Magnetic to Inverse Magnetic Catalysis: The Interplay of Quark and Gluon Mass Generation in Magnetic Fields
Coupled DSE solutions show gluon screening mass increase suppresses quark-gluon interaction and drives inverse magnetic catalysis near the chiral phase transition.
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Chiral Plasma under Strong Magnetic Fields: A Holographic Analysis of Transport Phenomena
Holographic U(1)V x U(1)A Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory in Schwarzschild-AdS5 yields thirteen momentum- and B-field-dependent transport coefficient functions for chiral plasma currents, applied to negative magnetoresistance and chiral magnetic waves beyond hydrodynamics.
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Magnetic Symmetries and the Structure of Correlation Functions in Quantum Field Theory
Magnetic translation symmetry in QFT with external magnetic field forces charged operator two-point functions to factor into a Schwinger phase times a reduced correlator depending only on relative coordinates.
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Finite-Size Effects on the Critical End Point of Magnetized Quark Matter in the Nonlocal PNJL Model
Finite-size effects in the nonlocal PNJL model shift the critical end point of magnetized quark matter toward higher chemical potentials and lower temperatures as droplet radius decreases.
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QCD phase transition at finite isospin density and magnetic field
In the NJL model, increasing isospin chemical potential favors pion superfluidity at small magnetic fields and rho superconductivity at large magnetic fields.
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On electric fields in hot QCD: infrared regularization dependence
The disagreement between two definitions of electric susceptibility in hot QCD stems from infrared regularization and thermodynamic ensemble choices, as shown by exact fermion propagator calculations and a hadron resonance gas model.
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Magnetar field dynamics driven by chiral anomalies without magnetic helicity
The chiral magnetic effect generates magnetar-strength dipoles on decade timescales independently of net initial helicity, driven by localized helical structures and a threshold chiral chemical potential.
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Chiral first order phase transition at finite baryon density and zero temperature from self-consistent pole masses in the linear sigma model with quarks
In the two-flavor linear sigma model with quarks, the chiral phase transition at T=0 is first order and occurs at a quark chemical potential equal to the vacuum quark mass.
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$\pi^0$-$\gamma$ mixing in the presence of a strong magnetic field
In the NJL model, π⁰-γ mixing under strong B fields affects only one polarization state and produces less than 15% change in pion mass and quark couplings up to 1 GeV²/e, at variance with earlier results.
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Spectral function for pions in magnetic field
Pion spectral functions in magnetic fields develop multi-peak structures for neutral pions from Landau levels and Landau cuts for charged pions, with decay widths narrowing at higher temperatures indicating increased stability.
- Delineating neutral and charged mesons in magnetic fields