Non-Gaussian primordial fluctuations of a Z2-symmetric spectator scalar trigger a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, with the field serving as cold dark matter and generating a stochastic gravitational wave background in the 10^{-3}-10^{-1} Hz band.
Large Gravitational Wave Background Signals in Electroweak Baryogenesis Scenarios
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abstract
The bubble wall velocity in an electroweak first order phase transition is a key quantity both for electroweak baryogenesis and for the production of a stochastic background of gravitational waves that may be probed in the future through gravitational wave experiments like LISA or BBO. We show that, contrary to the conclusion drawn from previous studies, it is actually possible to generate a potentially large gravitational wave signal while satisfying the requirements for viable electroweak baryogenesis, once the effects of the hydrodynamics of bubble growth are taken into account. Then, the observation of a large gravitational wave background from the electroweak phase transition would not necessarily rule out electroweak baryogenesis as the mechanism having generated the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe.
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Electroweak First-Order Phase Transition Triggered by Non-Gaussian Fluctuations of a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-Symmetric Spectator Scalar
Non-Gaussian primordial fluctuations of a Z2-symmetric spectator scalar trigger a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, with the field serving as cold dark matter and generating a stochastic gravitational wave background in the 10^{-3}-10^{-1} Hz band.