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Agent Laboratory: Using LLM Agents as Research Assistants

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abstract

Historically, scientific discovery has been a lengthy and costly process, demanding substantial time and resources from initial conception to final results. To accelerate scientific discovery, reduce research costs, and improve research quality, we introduce Agent Laboratory, an autonomous LLM-based framework capable of completing the entire research process. This framework accepts a human-provided research idea and progresses through three stages--literature review, experimentation, and report writing to produce comprehensive research outputs, including a code repository and a research report, while enabling users to provide feedback and guidance at each stage. We deploy Agent Laboratory with various state-of-the-art LLMs and invite multiple researchers to assess its quality by participating in a survey, providing human feedback to guide the research process, and then evaluate the final paper. We found that: (1) Agent Laboratory driven by o1-preview generates the best research outcomes; (2) The generated machine learning code is able to achieve state-of-the-art performance compared to existing methods; (3) Human involvement, providing feedback at each stage, significantly improves the overall quality of research; (4) Agent Laboratory significantly reduces research expenses, achieving an 84% decrease compared to previous autonomous research methods. We hope Agent Laboratory enables researchers to allocate more effort toward creative ideation rather than low-level coding and writing, ultimately accelerating scientific discovery.

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representative citing papers

FermiLink: A Unified Agent Framework for Multidomain Autonomous Scientific Simulations

physics.chem-ph · 2026-04-03 · conditional · novelty 8.0

FermiLink is a unified AI agent framework that automates multidomain scientific simulations via separated package knowledge bases and a four-layer progressive disclosure mechanism, reproducing 56% of target figures in benchmarks and generating research-grade results on unpublished problems.

Textual Bayes: Quantifying Prompt Uncertainty in LLM-Based Systems

cs.LG · 2025-06-11 · unverdicted · novelty 6.0

Introduces a Bayesian framework viewing LLM prompts as textual parameters and proposes MHLP, a novel MCMC algorithm using LLM proposals, to perform inference and improve accuracy plus uncertainty quantification on benchmarks.

Towards an AI co-scientist

cs.AI · 2025-02-26 · unverdicted · novelty 6.0

A multi-agent AI system generates novel biomedical hypotheses that show promising experimental validation in drug repurposing for leukemia, new targets for liver fibrosis, and a bacterial gene transfer mechanism.

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