{"total":15,"items":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.28296","ref_index":171,"ref_count":1,"confidence":0.98,"is_internal_anchor":true,"paper_title":"Memoirs of the curvaton: non-perturbative non-Gaussianity and supermassive primordial black holes","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2026-06-26T17:40:06+00:00","verdict":"UNVERDICTED","verdict_confidence":"LOW","novelty_score":6.0,"formal_verification":"none","one_line_summary":"Curvaton self-interactions in non-quadratic potentials produce a local non-Gaussian map that enables supermassive primordial black hole formation at peak amplitudes of order 10^{-5} while remaining consistent with μ-distortion bounds.","context_count":0,"top_context_role":null,"top_context_polarity":null,"context_text":null},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.24868","ref_index":281,"ref_count":1,"confidence":0.98,"is_internal_anchor":true,"paper_title":"Exploring Gravitational Wave Signatures Due to Primordial Non-gaussianity and Large Scale Structure Using SKAO","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2026-06-23T17:47:54+00:00","verdict":"UNVERDICTED","verdict_confidence":"LOW","novelty_score":4.0,"formal_verification":"none","one_line_summary":"Explores SKAO detection of scalar-induced GW backgrounds as probes of primordial non-Gaussianity and parity violation, with LSS cross-correlation to improve SNR.","context_count":0,"top_context_role":null,"top_context_polarity":null,"context_text":null},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.02726","ref_index":54,"ref_count":1,"confidence":0.98,"is_internal_anchor":true,"paper_title":"Accretion of Primordial Black Holes in Stellar Interiors","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T18:00:09+00:00","verdict":"UNVERDICTED","verdict_confidence":"LOW","novelty_score":7.0,"formal_verification":"none","one_line_summary":"Self-consistent spherical accretion simulations show cooling-enhanced growth of PBHs with radiative efficiency ~10^{-2} in the bremsstrahlung regime, yielding a critical seed mass of ~10^{-16} M_sun to consume a solar-mass star in a Hubble time.","context_count":0,"top_context_role":null,"top_context_polarity":null,"context_text":null},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.18097","ref_index":68,"ref_count":1,"confidence":0.98,"is_internal_anchor":true,"paper_title":"Effects of formation channels and gravitational lensing on stochastic gravitational wave background","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2026-05-18T09:11:33+00:00","verdict":"UNVERDICTED","verdict_confidence":"LOW","novelty_score":4.0,"formal_verification":"none","one_line_summary":"Using HBI on GWTC-4 data the authors compute lensed SGWBs for ABHs and PBHs and conclude that LIGO and ET can distinguish the two formation channels in specific frequency ranges, with ET offering broader coverage.","context_count":0,"top_context_role":null,"top_context_polarity":null,"context_text":null},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.15749","ref_index":19,"ref_count":1,"confidence":0.98,"is_internal_anchor":true,"paper_title":"Constraints on primordial black holes from the first part of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA fourth observing run","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2026-05-15T09:07:39+00:00","verdict":"UNVERDICTED","verdict_confidence":"LOW","novelty_score":5.0,"formal_verification":"none","one_line_summary":"LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA O4a data yields the strongest constraints on primordial black hole abundance for 0.6-100 solar masses, with resolvable mergers dominating the limits and no compelling evidence for a PBH contribution in joint fits with astrophysical black holes.","context_count":0,"top_context_role":null,"top_context_polarity":null,"context_text":null},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.22731","ref_index":37,"ref_count":1,"confidence":0.9,"is_internal_anchor":false,"paper_title":"Precision Analysis for $\\boldsymbol{H_0}$ Using Upcoming Multi-band Gravitational Wave Observations","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2026-04-24T17:28:02+00:00","verdict":"UNVERDICTED","verdict_confidence":"LOW","novelty_score":4.0,"formal_verification":"none","one_line_summary":"Multi-band GW observations of PBHs can reduce H0 uncertainty to ≲2 km/s/Mpc (conservative) or O(0.1) km/s/Mpc (optimistic) via Fisher forecasts on M_PBH and f_PBH.","context_count":1,"top_context_role":"background","top_context_polarity":"background","context_text":"induced from primordial curvature perturbations,Phys. Rev. D97(2018) 123532 [1804.08577]. [35] R. Saito and J. Yokoyama,Gravitational wave background as a probe of the primordial black hole abundance,Phys. Rev. Lett.102(2009) 161101 [0812.4339]. [36] G. Dom` enech,Induced gravitational waves in a general cosmological background, International Journal of Modern Physics D29(2020) 2050028. [37] G. Dom` enech,Scalar Induced Gravitational Waves Review,Universe7(2021) 398 [2109.01398]. [38] N. Vieira et al.,Search For a Counterpart to the Subsolar Mass Gravitational Wave Candidate S251112cm,2603.17009. [39] M.R. Haque, F. Iocco and L. Visinelli,Primordial Black Hole interpretation of the sub-solar merger event S251112cm,2603.25795. [40] L. Alabidi, K."},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.19316","ref_index":9,"ref_count":1,"confidence":0.9,"is_internal_anchor":false,"paper_title":"Merger rate of initially clustered primordial black holes for the two-body channel","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2026-04-21T10:24:59+00:00","verdict":"UNVERDICTED","verdict_confidence":"LOW","novelty_score":5.0,"formal_verification":"none","one_line_summary":"Weak initial clustering of primordial black holes reduces the PBH fraction needed to explain LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA mergers in the two-body channel, while strong clustering suppresses the rate via three-body formation.","context_count":1,"top_context_role":"background","top_context_polarity":"background","context_text":"Nakamura, M. Sasaki, T. Tanaka and K. S. Thorne,Gravitational waves from coalescing black hole MACHO binaries,Astrophys. J. Lett.487(1997) L139-L142, [astro-ph/9708060]. [8] K. Ioka, T. Chiba, T. Tanaka and T. Nakamura,Black hole binary formation in the expanding universe: Three body problem approximation,Phys. Rev. D58(1998) 063003, [astro-ph/9807018]. [9] M. Sasaki, T. Suyama, T. Tanaka and S. Yokoyama,Primordial Black Hole Scenario for the Gravitational-Wave Event GW150914,Phys. Rev. Lett.117(2016) 061101, [1603.08338]. [10] M. Raidal, V. Vaskonen and H. Veerm¨ ae,Gravitational Waves from Primordial Black Hole Mergers,JCAP09(2017) 037, [1707.01480]. [11] Y. Ali-Ha¨ ımoud, E. D. Kovetz and M. Kamionkowski,Merger rate of primordial black-hole"},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.06858","ref_index":42,"ref_count":1,"confidence":0.9,"is_internal_anchor":false,"paper_title":"Memory-Burden Suppression of Hawking Radiation and Neutrino Constraints on Primordial Black Holes","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2026-04-08T09:20:45+00:00","verdict":"UNVERDICTED","verdict_confidence":"LOW","novelty_score":5.0,"formal_verification":"none","one_line_summary":"Memory-burden backreaction deforms the Hawking spectrum to suppress its high-energy tail, lowering total luminosity and neutrino flux by a factor set by a single suppression parameter and thereby relaxing IceCube bounds on primordial black hole dark matter.","context_count":1,"top_context_role":"background","top_context_polarity":"background","context_text":"Calore, S. Clesse, and K. Kohri, Phys. Rev. D96, 083524 (2017), 1707.04206. [39] P. D. Serpico, V. Poulin, D. Inman, and K. Kohri, Phys. Rev. Res.2, 023204 (2020), 2002.10771. [40] B. P. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific, Virgo), Phys. Rev. Lett.116, 061102 (2016), 1602.03837. [41] M. Raidal, V. Vaskonen, and H. Veerm¨ ae, JCAP09, 037 (2017), 1707.01480. [42] S. Clesse and J. Garc' ıa-Bellido, Phys. Dark Univ.22, 137 (2018), 1711.10458. [43] A. Hall, A. D. Gow, and C. T. Byrnes, Phys. Rev. D102, 123524 (2020), 2008.13704. [44] S. Clark, B. Dutta, Y. Gao, L. E. Strigari, and S. Watson, Phys. Rev. D95, 083006 (2017), 1612.07738. [45] T. Nakama, B. Carr, and J. Silk, Phys. Rev. D97, 043525 (2018), 1710.06945."},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.01684","ref_index":27,"ref_count":1,"confidence":0.9,"is_internal_anchor":false,"paper_title":"Smoluchowski Coagulation Equation and the Evolution of Primordial Black Hole Clusters","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2026-04-02T06:39:39+00:00","verdict":null,"verdict_confidence":null,"novelty_score":null,"formal_verification":null,"one_line_summary":null,"context_count":1,"top_context_role":"background","top_context_polarity":"background","context_text":"[25]KAGRA, VIRGO, LIGO Scientificcollaboration, R. Abbott et al.,GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the Second Part of the Third Observing Run,Phys. Rev. X13(2023) 041039, [2111.03606]. [26] S. Bird, I. Cholis, J. B. Mu˜ noz, Y. Ali-Ha¨ ımoud, M. Kamionkowski, E. D. Kovetz et al.,Did LIGO detect dark matter?,Phys. Rev. Lett.116(2016) 201301, [1603.00464]. [27] M. Sasaki, T. Suyama, T. Tanaka and S. Yokoyama,Primordial Black Hole Scenario for the Gravitational-Wave Event GW150914,Phys. Rev. Lett.117(2016) 061101, [1603.08338]. [28] E. D. Kovetz, I. Cholis, P. C. Breysse and M. Kamionkowski,Black hole mass function from gravitational wave measurements,Phys. Rev. D95(2017) 103010, [1611.01157]. [29] E. D. Kovetz,Probing Primordial-Black-Hole Dark Matter with Gravitational Waves,Phys."},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.01407","ref_index":21,"ref_count":1,"confidence":0.9,"is_internal_anchor":false,"paper_title":"High-frequency gravitational wave transients from superradiance","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2026-04-01T21:14:58+00:00","verdict":"UNVERDICTED","verdict_confidence":"LOW","novelty_score":5.0,"formal_verification":"none","one_line_summary":"Ultralight boson clouds around primordial black holes emit high-frequency gravitational wave transients via superradiance and binary-driven transitions, but the signals fall below current detector sensitivity at plausible distances.","context_count":1,"top_context_role":"background","top_context_polarity":"background","context_text":"ultralight bosons,Physical Review D99(2019) [1810.03812]. [19] K.K.Y. Ng, O.A. Hannuksela, S. Vitale and T.G.F. Li,Searching for ultralight bosons within spin measurements of a population of binary black hole mergers,Phys. Rev. D103(2021) 063010 [1908.02312]. [20] B. Carr, F. Kühnel and M. Sandstad,Primordial black holes as dark matter,Phys. Rev. D94 (2016) 083504 [1607.06077]. [21] M. Raidal, V. Vaskonen and H. Veermäe,Gravitational waves from primordial black hole mergers,JCAP09(2017) 037 [1707.01480]. [22] Y. Ali-Haïmoud and M. Kamionkowski,Cosmic microwave background limits on accreting primordial black holes,Phys. Rev. D95(2017) 043534 [1612.05644]. [23] H. Yoshino and H. Kodama,Gravitational radiation from an axion cloud around a black hole:"},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2603.18884","ref_index":83,"ref_count":1,"confidence":0.98,"is_internal_anchor":true,"paper_title":"Primordial black holes and the velocity acoustic oscillations features in 21 cm signals from the cosmic Dark Ages","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2026-03-19T13:25:27+00:00","verdict":"UNVERDICTED","verdict_confidence":"LOW","novelty_score":6.0,"formal_verification":"none","one_line_summary":"Primordial black holes generate up to 30% amplitude VAO wiggles in 21 cm signals from the Dark Ages at redshifts 20-40 even at dark matter fractions as low as 10^-13.","context_count":0,"top_context_role":null,"top_context_polarity":null,"context_text":null},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2601.19386","ref_index":28,"ref_count":1,"confidence":0.98,"is_internal_anchor":true,"paper_title":"Constraints on Primordial Black Holes from Galactic Diffuse Synchrotron Emissions","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2026-01-27T09:17:54+00:00","verdict":"CONDITIONAL","verdict_confidence":"MODERATE","novelty_score":5.0,"formal_verification":"none","one_line_summary":"Galactic synchrotron emissions above 20 MHz can set tighter upper limits on the abundance of primordial black holes with masses above 10^16 grams than previous cosmic-ray electron data.","context_count":1,"top_context_role":"background","top_context_polarity":"background","context_text":", \"The OGLE View of Microlensing towards the Magellanic Clouds. IV. OGLE-III SMC Data and Final Conclusions on MACHOs,\"Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.416(2011) 2949,arXiv:1106.2925 [astro-ph.GA]. [27] K. Griest, A. M. Cieplak, and M. J. Lehner, \"Experimental Limits on Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter from the First 2 yr of Kepler Data,\"Astrophys. J.786no. 2, (2014) 158, arXiv:1307.5798 [astro-ph.CO]. [28] S. Calchi Novati, S. Mirzoyan, P. Jetzer, and G. Scarpetta, \"Microlensing towards the SMC: a new analysis of OGLE and EROS results,\"Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.435 (2013) 1582,arXiv:1308.4281 [astro-ph.GA]. [29] K. Griest, A. M. Cieplak, and M. J. Lehner, \"New limits on primordial black hole dark matter from an analysis of kepler source microlensing data,\"Phys."},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2510.11861","ref_index":43,"ref_count":1,"confidence":0.98,"is_internal_anchor":true,"paper_title":"Impact of facility timing and coordination for next-generation gravitational-wave detectors","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2025-10-13T19:15:03+00:00","verdict":"UNVERDICTED","verdict_confidence":"LOW","novelty_score":5.0,"formal_verification":"none","one_line_summary":"Simulations of ET and CE networks show delays degrade localization metrics far more than SNR, with LIGO India greatly reducing the impact for multi-messenger and stochastic searches.","context_count":0,"top_context_role":null,"top_context_polarity":null,"context_text":null},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2509.05618","ref_index":33,"ref_count":1,"confidence":0.98,"is_internal_anchor":true,"paper_title":"Primordial Black Holes Evaporating before Big Bang Nucleosynthesis","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2025-09-06T06:32:50+00:00","verdict":"UNVERDICTED","verdict_confidence":"LOW","novelty_score":4.0,"formal_verification":"none","one_line_summary":"PBHs must exceed 10^9 g to affect BBN observables, yielding beta upper limits from 10^{-17} to 10^{-19} for masses 10^9-10^10 g, with public code provided.","context_count":0,"top_context_role":null,"top_context_polarity":null,"context_text":null},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2006.02838","ref_index":48,"ref_count":1,"confidence":0.98,"is_internal_anchor":true,"paper_title":"Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter: Recent Developments","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2020-06-03T17:57:28+00:00","verdict":"UNVERDICTED","verdict_confidence":"LOW","novelty_score":3.0,"formal_verification":"none","one_line_summary":"Primordial black holes in specific mass ranges could account for some or all dark matter while resolving structure-formation and seed problems in standard cosmology.","context_count":1,"top_context_role":"background","top_context_polarity":"background","context_text":"While this possibility has been suggested [43], the predicted merger rate depends on when the binaries form and uncertain astrophysical factors, so the dark-matter fraction could still be small [44-46]. Indeed, the LIGO/Virgo results have already been used to constrain the PBH dark-matter fraction [47], although the limit is sensitive to the predicted merger rate, which is very model-dependent [48]. Note that the PBH density should peak at a lower mass than the coalescence signal for an extended PBH mass function, since the gravitational-waves amplitude scales as the black-hole mass. The plan of this review paper is as follows: In Section II we elaborate on several aspects of PBH formation, including a general discussion of their mass and density, a review of PBH formation scenarios,"}],"limit":50,"offset":0}