GWTC-5.0 adds 161 new compact binary coalescence candidates from O4b with p_astro >= 0.5, detailed properties for 104, all binary black holes, for a cumulative total of 390.
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Introduces MGIC_rv, an information criterion that combines conditional RV likelihood with an effective parameter count for selecting multi-GP models focused on radial velocities.
A soft-spectrum PULX candidate is reported in Cen A but XMM-SAS randomisation during data reduction renders the marginal 1.27 Hz pulsation detection unreliable across repeated reductions.
The maximum reward gain under KL-regularized LM alignment is a Jeffreys divergence term, estimable as covariance from base samples, with best-of-N approaching the theoretical limit.
Objaverse-XL supplies over 10 million diverse 3D objects that, when used to render 100 million views, improve zero-shot novel-view synthesis in models such as Zero123.
LPT-matched integrators for cosmological simulations outperform FastPM with O(1-100) timesteps while convergence is limited to order 3/2 post-shell-crossing due to acceleration field irregularity.
Prompt tuning matches full model tuning performance on large language models while tuning only a small fraction of parameters and improves robustness to domain shifts.
Efficient cosmic-ray transport in CR-pressure-dominated CGM simulations produces stronger cool-gas absorption (MgII, SiII) and covering fractions matching star-forming galaxies, while slow transport underproduces them.
Giant-planet hosts preferentially formed in the metal-rich inner Galaxy and later migrated, while rocky-only systems are less centrally concentrated and show smaller radial excursions.
WaveDiff with wavefront feature projection recovers WFE from noisy undersampled in-focus observations at ~3% error, a tenfold improvement over the prior version.
A PINN approach learns galactic gravitational potentials from acceleration data, achieving sub-percent errors on simulations while outperforming analytic models and retaining interpretability via structured priors.
Spectroscopic measurements confirm a tight 6D phase-space clump of four RGB stars as part of the distant southern spur of the Sagittarius stream, likely stripped from Sagittarius's halo in the earliest interaction phases.
AdvCL repurposes adversarial perturbations into geometric control signals for continual learning using Intra-Smooth, Proto-Clip, and Inter-Align modules, reporting gains in performance, robustness, lower forgetting, and stronger transfer.
Attentive Neural Processes outperform Gaussian Processes and neural networks on light curve interpolation quality, feature recovery, calibration, and speed for 15 transient classes under realistic Rubin cadences.
A parametrized analytical model for BBH mass ratios from the stable mass transfer channel is derived and applied to the 10 solar-mass peak in GWTC-4, favoring little mass-ratio reversal.
Deconvolution of the GWTC-4.0 BBH merger rate reveals that long-delay tails in the delay time distribution are forbidden, constraining progenitor formation histories to decline more steeply than the star formation rate and disfavoring shallow power-law DTDs such as stable mass transfer.
Blue-asymmetric spectral lines appear in 50-60% of dense cores within massive dark clumps, showing that gravitational collapse operates at core scales from prestellar stages onward and supports hierarchical star formation.
An amortized reinforcement learning method enables immediate, observation-driven sequential optimization of genetic circuits while accounting for both intrinsic stochasticity and cross-laboratory variability without repeated inference steps.
In cool-core cluster simulations, mixing with pre-existing cold gas, not direct radiative cooling, dominates condensation; magnetic fields stretch the pre-condensation history to ~150 Myr and brake infalling clouds through tension.
Machine learning clustering of meteor observations produces a new hardness classification H_class that refines traditional Kb models using more parameters and reveals compositional structure in meteoroid populations.
A criterion of |Δg| > 0.4 mag and |Δ(g-r)| > 0.2 mag detects photometric CL-AGN transitions in 9.6% of known hosts with 1.6% false positive rate from simulations.
ClusterChirp is a freely available web tool for scalable interactive visualization, hierarchical clustering, and natural-language-guided analysis of high-dimensional omics datasets.
Presents the bixplot as an extension of the boxplot incorporating contiguous clustering to visualize bimodality and multimodality while displaying individual data points, with Python and R implementations.
Hybrid Branch-and-Price and Large Neighborhood Search with column reuse achieves new state-of-the-art results on bus driver scheduling instances of varying sizes.
citing papers explorer
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GWTC-5.0: Observations from the Second Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run and Updates to the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog
GWTC-5.0 adds 161 new compact binary coalescence candidates from O4b with p_astro >= 0.5, detailed properties for 104, all binary black holes, for a cumulative total of 390.
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A Model Selection Criterion for Multidimensional Gaussian Processes: Application to Radial Velocities
Introduces MGIC_rv, an information criterion that combines conditional RV likelihood with an effective parameter count for selecting multi-GP models focused on radial velocities.
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Significant or Not? The Impact of Randomisation During Data Reduction on Confirming a New Pulsating Ultraluminous X-ray Source Candidate in Centaurus A
A soft-spectrum PULX candidate is reported in Cen A but XMM-SAS randomisation during data reduction renders the marginal 1.27 Hz pulsation detection unreliable across repeated reductions.
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Theoretical Limits of Language Model Alignment
The maximum reward gain under KL-regularized LM alignment is a Jeffreys divergence term, estimable as covariance from base samples, with best-of-N approaching the theoretical limit.
-
Objaverse-XL: A Universe of 10M+ 3D Objects
Objaverse-XL supplies over 10 million diverse 3D objects that, when used to render 100 million views, improve zero-shot novel-view synthesis in models such as Zero123.
-
Perturbation-theory informed integrators for cosmological simulations
LPT-matched integrators for cosmological simulations outperform FastPM with O(1-100) timesteps while convergence is limited to order 3/2 post-shell-crossing due to acceleration field irregularity.
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The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuning
Prompt tuning matches full model tuning performance on large language models while tuning only a small fraction of parameters and improves robustness to domain shifts.
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CRexit observed: probing cosmic ray transport in the circumgalactic medium with absorption line spectra
Efficient cosmic-ray transport in CR-pressure-dominated CGM simulations produces stronger cool-gas absorption (MgII, SiII) and covering fractions matching star-forming galaxies, while slow transport underproduces them.
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Probing the origins. III. Exoplanet demographics across Galactic birth radii
Giant-planet hosts preferentially formed in the metal-rich inner Galaxy and later migrated, while rocky-only systems are less centrally concentrated and show smaller radial excursions.
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Point spread function wavefront recovery from in-focus stellar observations
WaveDiff with wavefront feature projection recovers WFE from noisy undersampled in-focus observations at ~3% error, a tenfold improvement over the prior version.
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Reconstructing Galactic Gravitational Potentials from Stellar Kinematics with Physics-Informed Neural Networks
A PINN approach learns galactic gravitational potentials from acceleration data, achieving sub-percent errors on simulations while outperforming analytic models and retaining interpretability via structured priors.
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Tracing the very early disruption of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy in the distant Milky Way halo
Spectroscopic measurements confirm a tight 6D phase-space clump of four RGB stars as part of the distant southern spur of the Sagittarius stream, likely stripped from Sagittarius's halo in the earliest interaction phases.
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Repurposing Adversarial Perturbations for Continual Learning: From Defense to Active Alignment
AdvCL repurposes adversarial perturbations into geometric control signals for continual learning using Intra-Smooth, Proto-Clip, and Inter-Align modules, reporting gains in performance, robustness, lower forgetting, and stronger transfer.
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Probabilistic Data-Driven Modelling of Astrophysical Transients: The Neural Process Family for Ultrafast and Class-Agnostic Light Curve Reconstruction with NightLANP
Attentive Neural Processes outperform Gaussian Processes and neural networks on light curve interpolation quality, feature recovery, calibration, and speed for 15 transient classes under realistic Rubin cadences.
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A Strongly Parametrized Mass Ratio Model for the Stable Mass Transfer Channel: a Case Study of the $10 \, \rm{M}_{\odot}$ Peak
A parametrized analytical model for BBH mass ratios from the stable mass transfer channel is derived and applied to the 10 solar-mass peak in GWTC-4, favoring little mass-ratio reversal.
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Forbidden Formation Histories: The Binary Black Hole Merger Rate Disfavors Long Delay Times
Deconvolution of the GWTC-4.0 BBH merger rate reveals that long-delay tails in the delay time distribution are forbidden, constraining progenitor formation histories to decline more steeply than the star formation rate and disfavoring shallow power-law DTDs such as stable mass transfer.
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Global and Local Infall in the ASHES Sample (GLASHES). II. Asymmetric Line Profiles around Dense Cores in 70 $\mu$m Dark Massive Clumps
Blue-asymmetric spectral lines appear in 50-60% of dense cores within massive dark clumps, showing that gravitational collapse operates at core scales from prestellar stages onward and supports hierarchical star formation.
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Sequential Design of Genetic Circuits Under Uncertainty With Reinforcement Learning
An amortized reinforcement learning method enables immediate, observation-driven sequential optimization of genetic circuits while accounting for both intrinsic stochasticity and cross-laboratory variability without repeated inference steps.
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XMAGNET -- Stir before serving: a Lagrangian perspective on mixing-driven condensation in the intracluster medium
In cool-core cluster simulations, mixing with pre-existing cold gas, not direct radiative cooling, dominates condensation; magnetic fields stretch the pre-condensation history to ~150 Myr and brake infalling clouds through tension.
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A Machine Learning Approach to Meteor Classification
Machine learning clustering of meteor observations produces a new hardness classification H_class that refines traditional Kb models using more parameters and reveals compositional structure in meteoroid populations.
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Identifying Changing-Look AGN Transitions in Light Curve Data with the Zwicky Transient Facility
A criterion of |Δg| > 0.4 mag and |Δ(g-r)| > 0.2 mag detects photometric CL-AGN transitions in 9.6% of known hosts with 1.6% false positive rate from simulations.
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ClusterChirp: Scalable Interactive Exploration of Omics Data with Natural Language-Guided Analysis
ClusterChirp is a freely available web tool for scalable interactive visualization, hierarchical clustering, and natural-language-guided analysis of high-dimensional omics datasets.
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The bixplot: A variation on the boxplot suited for bimodal data
Presents the bixplot as an extension of the boxplot incorporating contiguous clustering to visualize bimodality and multimodality while displaying individual data points, with Python and R implementations.
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Integrating Column Generation and Large Neighborhood Search for Bus Driver Scheduling with Complex Break Constraints
Hybrid Branch-and-Price and Large Neighborhood Search with column reuse achieves new state-of-the-art results on bus driver scheduling instances of varying sizes.
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Mass-Ratio Reversal as an Alternative to Hierarchical Mergers for GW241011
Mass-ratio reversal in isolated binaries offers a viable formation path for GW241011-like events under specific stellar-evolution and interaction conditions.
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A Stellar Role Reversal: Multiple Features in the Mass and Mass Ratio Distributions of Merging Binary Black Holes from Stable Mass Transfer
Stable mass transfer produces two distinct peaks in merging binary black hole primary mass and mass ratio distributions via mass ratio reversal under conservative mass transfer.
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A First Measurement of Circumgalactic Dust Reddening from Only 4.6 deg$^2$ of the Rubin Observatory's DP1
The first circumgalactic dust reddening measurement from Rubin DP1 data finds A_V proportional to r_perp to the -1.8 power within 120 kpc, consistent with prior SDSS/KiDS/DES results despite 1000x smaller area and fainter foreground sample.
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Do Super-Puffs Defy Core Accretion? Population-Wide Interior Structure Constraints
Interior structure models show 28 of 34 cold super-puffs are consistent with core accretion while six require non-standard explanations such as impacts or exo-rings.
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Multimodal Transformer Based Generic Mixture Density Network for Scattering Timescale Estimation of Fast Radio Bursts
A multimodal transformer-based generic mixture density network estimates FRB scattering timescale τ with 94% R² on measurable events and 90% recall for unresolvable cases on CHIME/FRB data.
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On the correlation between globular clusters and the distribution of dark matter in galaxy clusters: the case of Abell 2744
Bright globular clusters in Abell 2744 trace the three main mass clumps and match weak-lensing mass maps more closely than other galactic components, using a Poisson point process model.
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Dwarf and Intermediate-Mass Galaxies in MaNGA: Evidence for Different Evolutionary Trends
MaNGA data shows dwarf galaxies (log M* <= 9.5) remain mostly star-forming with weak environmental dependence while intermediate-mass galaxies (9.5 < log M* < 10) display stronger quenching trends, and dwarf early-types host younger stellar populations than their intermediate-mass counterparts.
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MEEDAV: A Synchronous Web Viewer for EEG, Eye-Tracking and Speech Data
MEEDAV is a browser-based tool for real-time synchronized visualization of EEG, eye-tracking, and speech data with interactive plots and optional ICA denoising.
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Precise and Rapid Parameter Inference of Kilonova with Conditional Variational Autoencoder
A conditional variational autoencoder is trained on public kilonova light curves to enable rapid parameter inference for binary neutron star merger models in under three hours total.
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Investigating the Relationship Between Physical Properties and Spatial Irregularities at Coronal Hole Boundaries
Leading boundary of a coronal hole has higher plasma temperature, stronger unipolar field, and lower spatial irregularity than trailing boundary due to organized loops versus dispersed bipoles.
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Pre-CAT: A web-based, graphical user-interface toolbox for preclinical CEST-MRI data processing and analysis
Pre-CAT is a new open-source GUI toolbox that supplies standardized analysis pipelines for preclinical CEST-MRI experiments including Z-spectroscopy, CEST-MRF, and QUESP/QUEST.
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Chaotic migration of LISA Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals in a turbulent accretion disk: effect on waveform de-phasing
Turbulent torques modeled as a Gaussian around the linear torque can push gas-induced dephasing in LISA EMRIs above the detection threshold for Eddington ratios above 0.3 and sufficient turbulence strength.
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MAUVE-MUSE: Ionization and Kinematic Signatures of Environmental Effects on Virgo Cluster Disks
MAUVE-MUSE finds Virgo cluster disks have elevated [N II]/Hα, [S II]/Hα and [O III]/Hβ ratios plus broader kinematics because star formation is suppressed, leaving diffuse ionized gas dominant instead of widespread direct environmental excitation.
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Seeing Candidates at Scale: Multimodal LLMs for Visual Political Communication on Instagram
GPT-4o achieves macro F1 scores of 0.89 for politician face recognition and 0.86 for person counting in election Instagram stories, outperforming FaceNet512, RetinaFace, and Google Cloud Vision.
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Combining the Mass--Radius Posteriors of J0030+0451 Allowing for Unknown Model Systematics
A Bayesian combination of eight M-R posteriors for PSR J0030+0451 yields M = 1.46^{+0.09}_{-0.08} M_⊙, R = 12.69^{+0.64}_{-0.55} km while marginalizing over unknown model systematics.
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Optimal Option Portfolios for Skew-Elliptical t Returns
Explicit portfolio weights are derived for variance minimization and VaR approximation under skew-elliptical t returns, with numerical optimization for improved VaR results and comparison to symmetric t weights.
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Scalable Construction of Spiking Neural Networks using up to thousands of GPUs
A novel MPI-based construction method for spiking neural networks on multi-GPU clusters is introduced, with scaling demonstrated on two cortical models using point-to-point and collective communication.
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Score-based generative emulation of impact-relevant Earth system model outputs
A score-based generative emulator on a spherical mesh produces joint distributions of impact-relevant climate variables that closely match three parent ESMs in pre-industrial and forced regimes, with errors small relative to internal variability.
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COLIBRE: calibrating subgrid feedback in cosmological simulations that include a cold gas phase
COLIBRE calibrates supernova and AGN feedback parameters in multi-phase ISM cosmological simulations using emulator-based fitting to reproduce the z=0 galaxy stellar mass function and size-stellar mass relation at three resolutions.
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A Systematic Search for Active Galactic Nucleus Flares in ZTF Data Release 23
Systematic search of ZTF DR23 data yields catalogs of 28,504 coarse and 1,984 refined AGN flares with public release.
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Multi-year Ground-Based Survey Photometry of Active Comet 103P/Hartley 2 and Centaur (2060) Chiron: A Tale of Two Comets in the Pre-LSST Era
Reports asymmetric heliocentric activity slopes for 103P/Hartley 2 and exponential outburst decay plus flattening phase curves for Chiron from ATLAS, ZTF, and LCO photometry.
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Blowing star formation away in AGN hosts (BAH) -- V: The Feeding-Feedback Cycle in local AGNs as revealed by their stellar populations
Stellar population synthesis of three AGN hosts shows recent rejuvenation and central metallicity drops consistent with gas inflows fueling both star formation and AGN activity.
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Balancing Plasticity and Stability with Fast and Slow Successor Features
Synaptic consolidation applied to multi-timescale successor features yields better performance than plasticity-focused methods in RL under gradual environmental drift.
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Searches for Binary Mergers with Sub-solar Mass Components in Data from the First Part of LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA's Fourth Observing Run
No sub-solar-mass compact-binary mergers were found in LIGO O4a data, giving 90% merger-rate upper limits of 110-10000 Gpc^-3 yr^-1 and weak new dark-matter constraints.
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Distributed Energy System Design including Unbalanced AC Power Flow for Large LV Networks with ADMM
A hybrid MILP-NLP-complementarity decomposition solved via spatial/temporal ADMM yields up to 13x speedup on unbalanced AC power flow-constrained DES design for networks with 55 loads, with maximum 0.61% optimality gap.
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GWTC-5.0: An Introduction to Version 5.0 of the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog
GWTC-5.0 is a data release documenting over 300 gravitational-wave events from compact binary mergers observed through early 2025.