{"work":{"id":"d54834f3-4944-4c0b-9fa4-3008a4c0122d","openalex_id":null,"doi":null,"arxiv_id":"2503.14738","raw_key":null,"title":"DESI DR2 Results II: Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and Cosmological Constraints","authors":null,"authors_text":"DESI Collaboration: M. Abdul-Karim, J. Aguilar, S. Ahlen, S. Alam, L. Allen, C. Allende Prieto","year":2025,"venue":"astro-ph.CO","abstract":"We present baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements from more than 14 million galaxies and quasars drawn from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 2 (DR2), based on three years of operation. For cosmology inference, these galaxy measurements are combined with DESI Lyman-$\\alpha$ forest BAO results presented in a companion paper. The DR2 BAO results are consistent with DESI DR1 and SDSS, and their distance-redshift relationship matches those from recent compilations of supernovae (SNe) over the same redshift range. The results are well described by a flat $\\Lambda$CDM model, but the parameters preferred by BAO are in mild, $2.3\\sigma$ tension with those determined from the cosmic microwave background (CMB), although the DESI results are consistent with the acoustic angular scale $\\theta_*$ that is well-measured by Planck. This tension is alleviated by dark energy with a time-evolving equation of state parametrized by $w_0$ and $w_a$, which provides a better fit to the data, with a favored solution in the quadrant with $w_0>-1$ and $w_a<0$. This solution is preferred over $\\Lambda$CDM at $3.1\\sigma$ for the combination of DESI BAO and CMB data. When also including SNe, the preference for a dynamical dark energy model over $\\Lambda$CDM ranges from $2.8-4.2\\sigma$ depending on which SNe sample is used. We present evidence from other data combinations which also favor the same behavior at high significance. From the combination of DESI and CMB we derive 95% upper limits on the sum of neutrino masses, finding $\\sum m_\\nu<0.064$ eV assuming $\\Lambda$CDM and $\\sum m_\\nu<0.16$ eV in the $w_0w_a$ model. Unless there is an unknown systematic error associated with one or more datasets, it is clear that $\\Lambda$CDM is being challenged by the combination of DESI BAO with other measurements and that dynamical dark energy offers a possible solution.","external_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.14738","cited_by_count":null,"metadata_source":"pith","metadata_fetched_at":"2026-05-25T07:45:29.538367+00:00","pith_arxiv_id":"2503.14738","created_at":"2026-05-08T18:18:54.480195+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-25T07:45:29.538367+00:00","title_quality_ok":true,"display_title":"DESI DR2 Results II: Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and Cosmological Constraints","render_title":"DESI DR2 Results II: Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and Cosmological Constraints"},"hub":{"state":{"work_id":"d54834f3-4944-4c0b-9fa4-3008a4c0122d","tier":"super_hub","tier_reason":"100+ Pith inbound or 10,000+ external citations","pith_inbound_count":159,"external_cited_by_count":null,"distinct_field_count":8,"first_pith_cited_at":"2024-11-12T17:51:21+00:00","last_pith_cited_at":"2026-05-21T15:14:45+00:00","author_build_status":"needed","summary_status":"needed","contexts_status":"needed","graph_status":"needed","ask_index_status":"needed","reader_status":"not_needed","recognition_status":"not_needed","updated_at":"2026-06-02T08:44:28.876035+00:00","tier_text":"super_hub"},"tier":"super_hub","role_counts":[{"context_role":"background","n":60},{"context_role":"dataset","n":18},{"context_role":"method","n":3},{"context_role":"baseline","n":1}],"polarity_counts":[{"context_polarity":"background","n":55},{"context_polarity":"use_dataset","n":18},{"context_polarity":"support","n":4},{"context_polarity":"use_method","n":3},{"context_polarity":"baseline","n":1},{"context_polarity":"unclear","n":1}],"runs":{"ask_index":{"job_type":"ask_index","status":"succeeded","result":{"title":"DESI DR2 Results II: Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and Cosmological Constraints","claims":[{"claim_text":"We present baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements from more than 14 million galaxies and quasars drawn from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 2 (DR2), based on three years of operation. 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The line colours and styles are the same as in previous figures. improved by (30-50)% over DESI DR1. To complement the primary CMB power spectra, we use ACT DR6 CMB lensing data [ 25, 26]. This release provides a 43 σ measurement of the lensing power spec- trum across multipoles 40 < L ","claim_type":"dataset","confidence":0.9,"evidence_strength":"citation_context"},{"claim_text":"observations including CMB, BAO, and weak lensing, and the focus has shifted from detect- ing acceleration to constraining any temporal evolution of the dark energy equation of state, w(z). The DESI BAO program has brought this question into sharp focus. The Year 1 release [4], when combined with CMB data and SNe Ia compilations, showed hints of a deviation from ΛCDM in thew 0-wa parameterization [5, 6]. 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Cai, and E. N. Saridakis, Quintom cosmology and modified gravity after DESI 2024, Sci. Bull.69, 2698 (2024), arXiv:2404.19437 [astro-ph.CO]. [5] S. Roy Choudhury, T. Okumura, and K. Umetsu, Cosmological Constraints on Nonphantom Dynamical Dark Energy with DESI Data Release 2 Baryon Ac","claim_type":"background","confidence":0.9,"evidence_strength":"citation_context"}],"why_cited":"Pith tracks DESI DR2 Results II: Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and Cosmological Constraints because it crossed a citation-hub threshold. 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