{"work":{"id":"d83bae09-5488-413f-8412-c6a3a78ae329","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2971569798","doi":"10.18653/v1/d19-1006","arxiv_id":null,"raw_key":null,"title":"How Contextual are Contextualized Word Representations? C omparing the Geometry of BERT , ELM o, and GPT -2 Embeddings","authors":null,"authors_text":"Ethayarajh, Kawin","year":2019,"venue":null,"abstract":null,"external_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-1006","cited_by_count":60,"metadata_source":"openalex","metadata_fetched_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817+00:00","pith_arxiv_id":null,"created_at":"2026-05-08T23:39:24.044829+00:00","updated_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817+00:00","title_quality_ok":true,"display_title":"How Contextual are Contextualized Word Representations? C omparing the Geometry of BERT , ELM o, and GPT -2 Embeddings","render_title":"How Contextual are Contextualized Word Representations? C omparing the Geometry of BERT , ELM o, and GPT -2 Embeddings"},"hub":{"state":{"work_id":"d83bae09-5488-413f-8412-c6a3a78ae329","tier":"hub","tier_reason":"10+ Pith inbound or 1,000+ external citations","pith_inbound_count":29,"external_cited_by_count":60,"distinct_field_count":5,"first_pith_cited_at":"2020-10-07T16:04:06+00:00","last_pith_cited_at":"2026-07-01T20:49:51+00:00","author_build_status":"not_needed","summary_status":"needed","contexts_status":"needed","graph_status":"needed","ask_index_status":"not_needed","reader_status":"not_needed","recognition_status":"not_needed","updated_at":"2026-08-22T18:49:34.870080+00:00","tier_text":"hub"},"tier":"hub","role_counts":[{"context_role":"background","n":9}],"polarity_counts":[{"context_polarity":"background","n":7},{"context_polarity":"support","n":2}],"runs":{},"summary":{},"graph":{},"authors":[]}}