Lattice QCD results show the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio of gluon plasma reaches a minimum near the transition temperature Tc while the bulk viscosity to entropy density ratio decreases monotonically from 0.76 to 2.25 Tc.
Bulk viscosity of QCD matter near the critical temperature
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abstract
Kubo's formula relates bulk viscosity to the retarded Green's function of the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. Using low energy theorems of QCD for the latter we derive the formula which relates the bulk viscosity to the energy density and pressure of hot matter. We then employ the available lattice QCD data to extract the bulk viscosity as a function of temperature. We find that close to the deconfinement temperature bulk viscosity becomes large, with viscosity-to-entropy ratio zeta/s about 1.
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Shear and bulk viscosities of the gluon plasma across the transition temperature from lattice QCD
Lattice QCD results show the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio of gluon plasma reaches a minimum near the transition temperature Tc while the bulk viscosity to entropy density ratio decreases monotonically from 0.76 to 2.25 Tc.