{"work":{"id":"e393ecfc-aa97-4014-bb7a-90ebd9f00535","openalex_id":null,"doi":null,"arxiv_id":"2205.00445","raw_key":null,"title":"MRKL Systems: A modular, neuro-symbolic architecture that combines large language models, external knowledge sources and discrete reasoning","authors":null,"authors_text":"Ehud Karpas, Omri Abend, Yonatan Belinkov, Barak Lenz, Opher Lieber, Nir Ratner","year":2022,"venue":"cs.CL","abstract":"Huge language models (LMs) have ushered in a new era for AI, serving as a gateway to natural-language-based knowledge tasks. Although an essential element of modern AI, LMs are also inherently limited in a number of ways. We discuss these limitations and how they can be avoided by adopting a systems approach. Conceptualizing the challenge as one that involves knowledge and reasoning in addition to linguistic processing, we define a flexible architecture with multiple neural models, complemented by discrete knowledge and reasoning modules. We describe this neuro-symbolic architecture, dubbed the Modular Reasoning, Knowledge and Language (MRKL, pronounced \"miracle\") system, some of the technical challenges in implementing it, and Jurassic-X, AI21 Labs' MRKL system implementation.","external_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.00445","cited_by_count":null,"metadata_source":"pith","metadata_fetched_at":"2026-05-15T19:05:23.032132+00:00","pith_arxiv_id":"2205.00445","created_at":"2026-05-09T00:19:26.882634+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-15T19:05:23.032132+00:00","title_quality_ok":true,"display_title":"MRKL Systems: A modular, neuro-symbolic architecture that combines large language models, external knowledge sources and discrete reasoning","render_title":"MRKL Systems: A modular, neuro-symbolic architecture that combines large language models, external knowledge sources and discrete reasoning"},"hub":{"state":{"work_id":"e393ecfc-aa97-4014-bb7a-90ebd9f00535","tier":"hub","tier_reason":"10+ Pith inbound or 1,000+ external citations","pith_inbound_count":20,"external_cited_by_count":null,"distinct_field_count":8,"first_pith_cited_at":"2023-04-11T17:41:13+00:00","last_pith_cited_at":"2026-05-11T16:50:00+00:00","author_build_status":"not_needed","summary_status":"needed","contexts_status":"needed","graph_status":"needed","ask_index_status":"not_needed","reader_status":"not_needed","recognition_status":"not_needed","updated_at":"2026-05-19T02:51:13.253296+00:00","tier_text":"hub"},"tier":"hub","role_counts":[{"context_role":"background","n":6}],"polarity_counts":[{"context_polarity":"background","n":5},{"context_polarity":"unclear","n":1}],"runs":{},"summary":{},"graph":{},"authors":[]}}