In large-Nc and harmonic oscillator limits, medium-induced splittings are computed analytically double-differential in z and θ, with an improved semi-hard approximation validated for high-energy partons.
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Heavy Ion Collisions: The Big Picture, and the Big Questions
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abstract
Heavy ion collisions quickly form a droplet of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) with a remarkably small viscosity. We give an accessible introduction to how to study this smallest and hottest droplet of liquid made on earth and why it is so interesting. The physics of heavy ions ranges from highly energetic quarks and gluons described by perturbative QCD to a bath of strongly interacting gluons at lower energy scales. These gluons quickly thermalize and form QGP, while the energetic partons traverse this plasma and end in a shower of particles called jets. Analyzing the final particles in a variety of different ways allows us to study the properties of QGP and the complex dynamics of multi-scale processes in QCD which govern its formation and evolution, providing what is perhaps the simplest form of complex quantum matter that we know of. Much remains to be understood, and throughout the review big open questions will be encountered.
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Principal component analysis of spectral fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions yields thermal and geometric normal modes that explain 99.5% of variance and account for measured flow observables v0(pT) and v02(pT).
Energy-energy correlators in heavy-ion collisions exhibit classical hydrodynamic scaling from collective flow at large angles within the small-angle regime, collective modes at smaller angles, and light-ray OPE at even smaller angles.
STAR reports 20% suppression of recoiling hadrons and jets in high-event-activity O+O collisions at 200 GeV, with a measured 0.7 GeV/c pT shift for large-radius jets, providing evidence for jet quenching in small systems.
A framework is developed that encodes leading-order QCD antenna and dipole processes as quantum circuits, with benchmarks against analytic limits in simplified media.
In a rigidly rotating free Fermi gas, the relativistic Barnett effect produces different Fermi energies for spin-up and spin-down fermions, leading to a moment of inertia that scales as 1/T at high temperature, analogous to the Curie law.
Volume variation with multiplicity in ultracentral collisions is small when total entropy scales with nuclear mass number, as shown by relating it to initial density fluctuation profiles.
Coupled BDNK MHD evolution in boost-invariant flow enhances cooling and suppresses the low-mass dilepton spectrum via magnetic-thermal feedback.
Bayesian posteriors from JETSCAPE jet-quenching model are largely compatible across centrality but exhibit shifts across beam energy and observable class, with varying ability to predict complementary datasets.
ALICE observes strong suppression of associated hadron yields per trigger photon in central Pb-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV, extending the kinematic reach of photon-hadron correlation measurements.
Light-ion collisions at the LHC provide evidence of quark-gluon plasma formation in small systems, bridging proton-proton and heavy-ion regimes.
The statistical hadronization model successfully describes hadron production in nuclear collisions over broad energies, with implications for QCD phase structure.
citing papers explorer
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Full energy fraction and angular dependence of medium-induced splittings in the large-$N_c$ limit
In large-Nc and harmonic oscillator limits, medium-induced splittings are computed analytically double-differential in z and θ, with an improved semi-hard approximation validated for high-energy partons.
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Thermal and geometric normal modes of spectral fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions
Principal component analysis of spectral fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions yields thermal and geometric normal modes that explain 99.5% of variance and account for measured flow observables v0(pT) and v02(pT).
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Hydrodynamics and Energy Correlators
Energy-energy correlators in heavy-ion collisions exhibit classical hydrodynamic scaling from collective flow at large angles within the small-angle regime, collective modes at smaller angles, and light-ray OPE at even smaller angles.
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Measurement of jet quenching in O+O collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}=200$ GeV by the STAR experiment at RHIC
STAR reports 20% suppression of recoiling hadrons and jets in high-event-activity O+O collisions at 200 GeV, with a measured 0.7 GeV/c pT shift for large-radius jets, providing evidence for jet quenching in small systems.
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Quantum simulating multi-particle processes in high energy nuclear physics: dijet production and color (de)coherence
A framework is developed that encodes leading-order QCD antenna and dipole processes as quantum circuits, with benchmarks against analytic limits in simplified media.
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Relativistic Barnett effect and Curie law in a rigidly rotating free Fermi gas
In a rigidly rotating free Fermi gas, the relativistic Barnett effect produces different Fermi energies for spin-up and spin-down fermions, leading to a moment of inertia that scales as 1/T at high temperature, analogous to the Curie law.
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The size of the quark-gluon plasma in ultracentral collisions: impact of initial density fluctuations on the average transverse momentum
Volume variation with multiplicity in ultracentral collisions is small when total entropy scales with nuclear mass number, as shown by relating it to initial density fluctuation profiles.
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Relativistic BDNK MHD Evolution in a Boost-Invariant Medium and Its Impact on Dilepton Production
Coupled BDNK MHD evolution in boost-invariant flow enhances cooling and suppresses the low-mass dilepton spectrum via magnetic-thermal feedback.
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Bayesian inference constraints on jet quenching across centrality, beam energy, and observable classes in LHC heavy-ion collisions
Bayesian posteriors from JETSCAPE jet-quenching model are largely compatible across centrality but exhibit shifts across beam energy and observable class, with varying ability to predict complementary datasets.
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Measurement of isolated-prompt photon$-$hadron correlations in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\mathbf{\sqrt{\textit{s}_{\rm NN}} = 5.02}$ TeV
ALICE observes strong suppression of associated hadron yields per trigger photon in central Pb-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV, extending the kinematic reach of photon-hadron correlation measurements.
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Light-Ion Collisions: Bridging Small and Large QCD Systems
Light-ion collisions at the LHC provide evidence of quark-gluon plasma formation in small systems, bridging proton-proton and heavy-ion regimes.
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Statistical hadronization: successes and some open issues
The statistical hadronization model successfully describes hadron production in nuclear collisions over broad energies, with implications for QCD phase structure.