Molmo2 delivers state-of-the-art open-weight video VLMs with new grounding datasets and training methods that outperform prior open models and match or exceed some proprietary ones on pointing and tracking tasks.
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Visionreasoner: Unified visual perception and reasoning via reinforcement learning
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Pest-Thinker is a reinforcement learning framework that improves MLLMs' expert-level reasoning on pest morphology via synthesized CoT trajectories, GRPO optimization, and an LLM-judged feature reward on new benchmarks QFSD and AgriInsect.
IBISAgent enables MLLMs to perform iterative pixel-level visual reasoning for biomedical object referring and segmentation via text-based clicks and agentic RL, outperforming prior SOTA methods without model modifications.
B-GRTO extends GRPO by reusing rollouts to optimize auxiliary segmentation decoder objectives, yielding substantial gains over plain GRPO on referring segmentation tasks.
A group-revision paradigm for GRPO-based RL fine-tuning of VLMs converts failure responses into improvement signals that refine rewards and advantages, yielding gains on referring segmentation, REC, and counting benchmarks.
PDCR improves vision-language reasoning by computing separate normalized confidence advantages for perception steps and reasoning steps after unsupervised decomposition.
Affordance Agent Harness is a verification-gated orchestration system that unifies skills via an evidence store, episodic memory priors, an adaptive router, and a self-consistency verifier to improve accuracy-cost tradeoffs in open-world affordance grounding.
Saliency-R1 uses a novel saliency map technique and GRPO with human bounding-box overlap as reward to improve VLM reasoning faithfulness and interpretability.
ViSurf unifies SFT and RLVR for LVLMs in one training stage by injecting ground-truth labels into rollouts and applying novel reward controls, outperforming standalone and two-stage baselines on diverse benchmarks.
DeFacto trains multimodal models with counterfactual image variants and GRPO reinforcement learning to enforce that correct answers are supported by correct visual evidence.
PAPO integrates perception-aware supervision via a KL-based loss into RLVR methods like GRPO, yielding 4.4-17.5% gains on multimodal benchmarks and 30.5% fewer perception errors, with larger gains on vision-heavy tasks.
SLVR enriches latent visual representations with fine-grained attribute semantics via supervised first-stage learning and multi-query alignment via M-GRPO, yielding improved robustness on region-level reasoning tasks.
GETok partitions images with grid tokens and refines locations via offset tokens to enable better native 2D spatial reasoning in MLLMs.
RCoT-Seg uses GRPO-reinforced keyframe selection from a CoT-start corpus followed by SAM2 mask propagation to improve video object segmentation under implicit temporal instructions over prior MLLM sampling methods.
This review organizes literature on large multimodal models and object-centric vision into four themes—understanding, referring segmentation, editing, and generation—while summarizing paradigms, strategies, and challenges like instance permanence and consistent interaction.
citing papers explorer
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Molmo2: Open Weights and Data for Vision-Language Models with Video Understanding and Grounding
Molmo2 delivers state-of-the-art open-weight video VLMs with new grounding datasets and training methods that outperform prior open models and match or exceed some proprietary ones on pointing and tracking tasks.
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Pest-Thinker: Learning to Think and Reason like Entomologists via Reinforcement Learning
Pest-Thinker is a reinforcement learning framework that improves MLLMs' expert-level reasoning on pest morphology via synthesized CoT trajectories, GRPO optimization, and an LLM-judged feature reward on new benchmarks QFSD and AgriInsect.
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IBISAgent: Reinforcing Pixel-Level Visual Reasoning in MLLMs for Universal Biomedical Object Referring and Segmentation
IBISAgent enables MLLMs to perform iterative pixel-level visual reasoning for biomedical object referring and segmentation via text-based clicks and agentic RL, outperforming prior SOTA methods without model modifications.
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B-GRTO: Bootstrapped Group Relative Tool Optimization for Referring Segmentation
B-GRTO extends GRPO by reusing rollouts to optimize auxiliary segmentation decoder objectives, yielding substantial gains over plain GRPO on referring segmentation tasks.
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From Failure to Feedback: Group Revision Unlocks Hard Cases in Object-Level Grounding
A group-revision paradigm for GRPO-based RL fine-tuning of VLMs converts failure responses into improvement signals that refine rewards and advantages, yielding gains on referring segmentation, REC, and counting benchmarks.
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PDCR: Perception-Decomposed Confidence Reward for Vision-Language Reasoning
PDCR improves vision-language reasoning by computing separate normalized confidence advantages for perception steps and reasoning steps after unsupervised decomposition.
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Affordance Agent Harness: Verification-Gated Skill Orchestration
Affordance Agent Harness is a verification-gated orchestration system that unifies skills via an evidence store, episodic memory priors, an adaptive router, and a self-consistency verifier to improve accuracy-cost tradeoffs in open-world affordance grounding.
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Saliency-R1: Enforcing Interpretable and Faithful Vision-language Reasoning via Saliency-map Alignment Reward
Saliency-R1 uses a novel saliency map technique and GRPO with human bounding-box overlap as reward to improve VLM reasoning faithfulness and interpretability.
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ViSurf: Visual Supervised-and-Reinforcement Fine-Tuning for Large Vision-and-Language Models
ViSurf unifies SFT and RLVR for LVLMs in one training stage by injecting ground-truth labels into rollouts and applying novel reward controls, outperforming standalone and two-stage baselines on diverse benchmarks.
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DeFacto: Counterfactual Thinking with Images for Enforcing Evidence-Grounded and Faithful Reasoning
DeFacto trains multimodal models with counterfactual image variants and GRPO reinforcement learning to enforce that correct answers are supported by correct visual evidence.
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Perception-Aware Policy Optimization for Multimodal Reasoning
PAPO integrates perception-aware supervision via a KL-based loss into RLVR methods like GRPO, yielding 4.4-17.5% gains on multimodal benchmarks and 30.5% fewer perception errors, with larger gains on vision-heavy tasks.
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Semantic-Enriched Latent Visual Reasoning
SLVR enriches latent visual representations with fine-grained attribute semantics via supervised first-stage learning and multi-query alignment via M-GRPO, yielding improved robustness on region-level reasoning tasks.
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Grounding Everything in Tokens for Multimodal Large Language Models
GETok partitions images with grid tokens and refines locations via offset tokens to enable better native 2D spatial reasoning in MLLMs.
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RCoT-Seg: Reinforced Chain-of-Thought for Video Reasoning and Segmentation
RCoT-Seg uses GRPO-reinforced keyframe selection from a CoT-start corpus followed by SAM2 mask propagation to improve video object segmentation under implicit temporal instructions over prior MLLM sampling methods.
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LMMs Meet Object-Centric Vision: Understanding, Segmentation, Editing and Generation
This review organizes literature on large multimodal models and object-centric vision into four themes—understanding, referring segmentation, editing, and generation—while summarizing paradigms, strategies, and challenges like instance permanence and consistent interaction.