Replica wormhole geometries justify the replica trick computation of the Page curve in holographic black hole models and support entanglement wedge reconstruction via the Petz map.
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Relative entropy equals bulk relative entropy
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abstract
We consider the gravity dual of the modular Hamiltonian associated to a general subregion of a boundary theory. We use it to argue that the relative entropy of nearby states is given by the relative entropy in the bulk, to leading order in the bulk gravitational coupling. We also argue that the boundary modular flow is dual to the bulk modular flow in the entanglement wedge, with implications for entanglement wedge reconstruction.
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Replica wormholes in the gravitational path integral yield the island rule for the fine-grained entropy of Hawking radiation, ensuring it follows the unitary Page curve in two-dimensional dilaton gravity.
Twirled perfect tensor networks achieve computational covariance, bound complexity by the PLC, and obey a lattice Ryu-Takayanagi formula for arbitrary boundary subregions.
Modular flow in SYK models coupled to a bath reveals singularities allowing reconstruction of bulk flow past the horizon in two-sided AdS2 black holes.
Subregion duality fails in AdS/CFT at leading large N, leading to the proposal of subregion complementarity allowing different CFT operators to describe one bulk subregion.
In a 2d evaporating black hole model, large boosts create O(1/G_N) gradients in bulk entropy that move the quantum extremal surface, causing the generalized entropy to follow unitary expectations with information disappearing after a scrambling time and a phase transition at the Page time.
A locality-based commutant argument shows that finite-N holographic CFTs lack the protected logical sector required for holographic quantum error correction, leaving only region-by-region entanglement wedge reconstruction.
When the RT area is O(1/G) and bulk entropy O(1), CCKLP-style reconstruction errors are exponentially small in G relative to area-function corrections.
Short-time real-time pseudo entropy obeys S_A(t,0)=S_A(0)-it ⟨K_A(H−⟨H⟩)⟩ + O(t²), with imaginary response from symmetrized covariance of H and K_A.
Holographic tensor networks constructed from PEE-thread tessellations of AdS geometry reproduce the exact Ryu-Takayanagi formula in factorized EPR, perfect-tensor, and random variants.
Typical states in large-N holographic CFTs exhibit UV and IR length scales set by energy and charges, producing factorization that isolates black holes via a corona of saturated entanglement wedges and extends ETH to rotating ensembles.
In the double-scaled SYK model with an end-of-the-world brane, the boundary algebra for a single-sided black hole is a type II1 von Neumann factor with non-trivial commutant, preventing full bulk reconstruction and creating a no man's island behind the horizon.
Derives heavy-light conformal blocks in 2d C/G CFTs and computes excited-state entanglement entropy via replica trick, finding thermal form that reproduces holographic EE and establishes dictionary between boundary weights and bulk mass/angular momentum.
Spectral functions of SYK, p-spin, and SU(M) Heisenberg models show exponential tails in spin-glass phases and quasiparticle families in spin-liquid phases, with a proof that exponential decay blocks detection of bulk causal structure.
A semi-classical symplectic two-form is defined as the sum of the gravitational symplectic form and the Berry curvature of the quantum matter state; it is shown to be independent of the Cauchy slice and to satisfy a quantum generalization of the Hollands-Iyer-Wald identity.
Covariant phase space analysis shows tensionless open strings in constant Kalb-Ramond background have purely boundary-supported phase space with noncommutative endpoint coordinates, recovering Seiberg-Witten noncommutativity for tensile strings and unifying both cases.
In JT gravity, the capacity of entanglement detects finite-n structure in the factorized island saddle that the entropy misses at first nontrivial order.
Modular quantization of a single holographic CFT reproduces exact Hartle-Hawking correlators of smooth BTZ black holes in the semiclassical limit while yielding non-smooth stretched-horizon descriptions at finite GN.
In time-reflection-symmetric holographic states, I3 implies vanishing of multiple four-party entanglement measures and bounds those from multi-entropy, though Q4 is not quantitatively bounded by I3.
Constructs bulk scalar field representations in Lorentzian AdS4 from boundary primaries via time-ordered propagators and derives their flat-space limits to plane-wave or Carrollian bases.
The paper organizes important open questions in quantum gravity and quantum information into four themes without presenting new results or derivations.
citing papers explorer
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Replica wormholes and the black hole interior
Replica wormhole geometries justify the replica trick computation of the Page curve in holographic black hole models and support entanglement wedge reconstruction via the Petz map.
-
Replica Wormholes and the Entropy of Hawking Radiation
Replica wormholes in the gravitational path integral yield the island rule for the fine-grained entropy of Hawking radiation, ensuring it follows the unitary Page curve in two-dimensional dilaton gravity.
-
Twirled Perfect Tensor Networks: Computationally covariant holographic tensor networks
Twirled perfect tensor networks achieve computational covariance, bound complexity by the PLC, and obey a lattice Ryu-Takayanagi formula for arbitrary boundary subregions.
-
Probing Evaporating Black Holes with Modular Flow in SYK
Modular flow in SYK models coupled to a bath reveals singularities allowing reconstruction of bulk flow past the horizon in two-sided AdS2 black holes.
-
Subregion Complementarity in AdS/CFT
Subregion duality fails in AdS/CFT at leading large N, leading to the proposal of subregion complementarity allowing different CFT operators to describe one bulk subregion.
-
The entropy of bulk quantum fields and the entanglement wedge of an evaporating black hole
In a 2d evaporating black hole model, large boosts create O(1/G_N) gradients in bulk entropy that move the quantum extremal surface, causing the generalized entropy to follow unitary expectations with information disappearing after a scrambling time and a phase transition at the Page time.
-
Entanglement Wedge Reconstruction without Holographic Quantum Error Correction
A locality-based commutant argument shows that finite-N holographic CFTs lack the protected logical sector required for holographic quantum error correction, leaving only region-by-region entanglement wedge reconstruction.
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A Note on Corrections to Entanglement Wedge Reconstruction
When the RT area is O(1/G) and bulk entropy O(1), CCKLP-style reconstruction errors are exponentially small in G relative to area-function corrections.
-
Real-time pseudo entropy and modular-Hamiltonian correlations
Short-time real-time pseudo entropy obeys S_A(t,0)=S_A(0)-it ⟨K_A(H−⟨H⟩)⟩ + O(t²), with imaginary response from symmetrized covariance of H and K_A.
-
Holographic Tensor Networks as Tessellations of Geometry
Holographic tensor networks constructed from PEE-thread tessellations of AdS geometry reproduce the exact Ryu-Takayanagi formula in factorized EPR, perfect-tensor, and random variants.
-
Entanglement inequalities, black holes and the architecture of typical states
Typical states in large-N holographic CFTs exhibit UV and IR length scales set by energy and charges, producing factorization that isolates black holes via a corona of saturated entanglement wedges and extends ETH to rotating ensembles.
-
Single-Sided Black Holes in Double-Scaled SYK Model and No Man's Island
In the double-scaled SYK model with an end-of-the-world brane, the boundary algebra for a single-sided black hole is a type II1 von Neumann factor with non-trivial commutant, preventing full bulk reconstruction and creating a no man's island behind the horizon.
-
Conformal Blocks in 2d Carrollian/Galilean CFTs and Excited State Entanglement Entropy
Derives heavy-light conformal blocks in 2d C/G CFTs and computes excited-state entanglement entropy via replica trick, finding thermal form that reproduces holographic EE and establishes dictionary between boundary weights and bulk mass/angular momentum.
-
Searching for emergent spacetime in spin glasses
Spectral functions of SYK, p-spin, and SU(M) Heisenberg models show exponential tails in spin-glass phases and quasiparticle families in spin-liquid phases, with a proof that exponential decay blocks detection of bulk causal structure.
-
Covariant phase space and the semi-classical Einstein equation
A semi-classical symplectic two-form is defined as the sum of the gravitational symplectic form and the Berry curvature of the quantum matter state; it is shown to be independent of the Cauchy slice and to satisfy a quantum generalization of the Hollands-Iyer-Wald identity.
-
Covariant phase space approach to noncommutativity in tensile and tensionless open strings
Covariant phase space analysis shows tensionless open strings in constant Kalb-Ramond background have purely boundary-supported phase space with noncommutative endpoint coordinates, recovering Seiberg-Witten noncommutativity for tensile strings and unifying both cases.
-
Probing the Factorized Island Branch with the Capacity of Entanglement in JT Gravity
In JT gravity, the capacity of entanglement detects finite-n structure in the factorized island saddle that the entropy misses at first nontrivial order.
-
Modular quantization and black holes
Modular quantization of a single holographic CFT reproduces exact Hartle-Hawking correlators of smooth BTZ black holes in the semiclassical limit while yielding non-smooth stretched-horizon descriptions at finite GN.
-
Constraints on four-party entanglement in holography
In time-reflection-symmetric holographic states, I3 implies vanishing of multiple four-party entanglement measures and bounds those from multi-entropy, though Q4 is not quantitatively bounded by I3.
-
On bulk reconstruction in Lorentzian AdS and its flat space limit
Constructs bulk scalar field representations in Lorentzian AdS4 from boundary primaries via time-ordered propagators and derives their flat-space limits to plane-wave or Carrollian bases.
-
Rethinking quantum information in gravity and fields
The paper organizes important open questions in quantum gravity and quantum information into four themes without presenting new results or derivations.
- Semiclassical algebraic reconstruction for type III algebras