ReLibra uses pre-known token-to-expert routing from RL rollouts to perform inter-batch expert reordering and intra-batch replication, delivering up to 1.6x higher throughput than Megatron-LM and 1.2x over oracle-equipped EPLB while staying within 6-10% of an ideal balanced baseline.
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Generalizing verifiable instruction following.arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.02833
Mixed citation behavior. Most common role is background (44%).
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abstract
A crucial factor for successful human and AI interaction is the ability of language models or chatbots to follow human instructions precisely. A common feature of instructions are output constraints like ``only answer with yes or no" or ``mention the word `abrakadabra' at least 3 times" that the user adds to craft a more useful answer. Even today's strongest models struggle with fulfilling such constraints. We find that most models strongly overfit on a small set of verifiable constraints from the benchmarks that test these abilities, a skill called precise instruction following, and are not able to generalize well to unseen output constraints. We introduce a new benchmark, IFBench, to evaluate precise instruction following generalization on 58 new, diverse, and challenging verifiable out-of-domain constraints. In addition, we perform an extensive analysis of how and on what data models can be trained to improve precise instruction following generalization. Specifically, we carefully design constraint verification modules and show that reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) significantly improves instruction following. In addition to IFBench, we release 29 additional new hand-annotated training constraints and verification functions, RLVR training prompts, and code.
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representative citing papers
User-turn generation reveals that LLMs' interaction awareness is largely decoupled from task accuracy, remaining near zero in deterministic settings even as accuracy scales to 96.8% on GSM8K.
Game-Time Benchmark shows spoken language models handle basic tasks but degrade sharply under temporal constraints like tempo adherence and synchronized responses.
dGRPO merges outcome-based policy optimization with dense teacher guidance from on-policy distillation, yielding more stable long-context reasoning on the new LongBlocks synthetic dataset.
Think-with-Rubrics has LLMs generate rubrics internally before responding, outperforming external rubric-as-reward baselines by 3.87 points on average across benchmarks.
Star Elastic trains N nested submodels in a single post-training job on a parent reasoning LLM, supporting elastic budget control that matches or exceeds independent baselines while cutting training compute by up to 360x.
SOB benchmark shows LLMs achieve near-perfect schema compliance but value accuracy of only 83% on text, 67% on images, and 24% on audio.
CompliBench uses simulation and adversarial flaw injection to create labeled dialogue data showing that top proprietary LLMs perform poorly at spotting guideline violations while fine-tuned smaller models outperform them and generalize to new domains.
ManyIH and ManyIH-Bench address instruction conflicts in LLM agents with up to 12 privilege levels across 853 tasks, revealing frontier models achieve only ~40% accuracy.
This survey introduces the Generate-Filter-Control-Replay (GFCR) taxonomy to structure rollout pipelines for RL-based post-training of reasoning LLMs.
IFCodeEvolve synthesizes coding data via actor-schema co-evolution with MCTS, boosting a 32B model's performance to match proprietary SOTA on instruction following.
Experiments reveal that LLMs follow instructions at rates from 1% to 99% when opposed by hardcoded conflicting patterns, with robustness tied to output diversity and alignment with model priors rather than general capability.
ZEDA injects zero-output experts and uses two-stage self-distillation to adapt post-trained MoE models into dynamic ones that skip over half the experts, yielding 1.2x inference speedup with small accuracy drops.
RLBFF extracts binary principles from human feedback to train reward models that outperform Bradley-Terry models on RM-Bench and JudgeBench and enable customizable inference-time focus for LLM alignment.
FlashEvolve accelerates LLM agent self-evolution via asynchronous stage orchestration and inspectable language-space staleness handling, reporting 3.5-4.9x proposal throughput gains over synchronous baselines on GEPA workloads.
SEIF creates a self-reinforcing loop in which an LLM alternately generates increasingly difficult instructions and learns to follow them better using reinforcement learning signals from its own judgments.
AutoPyVerifier learns compact sets of executable Python verifiers from labeled LLM outputs via LLM synthesis and DAG search, improving objective prediction by up to 55 F1 points and downstream LLM accuracy by up to 17 points.
GroupDPO decouples group-wise preference optimization during backpropagation to cut peak memory while keeping the same gradients, allowing larger groups and consistent gains over single-pair DPO plus an NLL term on positives.
RTT bridges response-level rubrics to token-level rewards via a relevance discriminator and intra-sample group normalization, yielding higher instruction and rubric accuracy than baselines.
NVIDIA releases the Nemotron 3 model family with hybrid Mamba-Transformer architecture, LatentMoE, NVFP4 training, MTP layers, and multi-environment RL post-training for reasoning and agentic tasks.
Qwen3.5-Omni scales an omnimodal model to hundreds of billions of parameters with 256k context, introduces ARIA for stable speech synthesis, and reports SOTA performance on 215 audio-visual benchmarks while adding multilingual and audio-visual coding capabilities.
citing papers explorer
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ReLibra: Routing-Replay-Guided Load Balancing for MoE Training in Reinforcement Learning
ReLibra uses pre-known token-to-expert routing from RL rollouts to perform inter-batch expert reordering and intra-batch replication, delivering up to 1.6x higher throughput than Megatron-LM and 1.2x over oracle-equipped EPLB while staying within 6-10% of an ideal balanced baseline.
-
Beyond the Assistant Turn: User Turn Generation as a Probe of Interaction Awareness in Language Models
User-turn generation reveals that LLMs' interaction awareness is largely decoupled from task accuracy, remaining near zero in deterministic settings even as accuracy scales to 96.8% on GSM8K.
-
Game-Time: Evaluating Temporal Dynamics in Spoken Language Models
Game-Time Benchmark shows spoken language models handle basic tasks but degrade sharply under temporal constraints like tempo adherence and synchronized responses.
-
Combining On-Policy Optimization and Distillation for Long-Context Reasoning in Large Language Models
dGRPO merges outcome-based policy optimization with dense teacher guidance from on-policy distillation, yielding more stable long-context reasoning on the new LongBlocks synthetic dataset.
-
Think-with-Rubrics: From External Evaluator to Internal Reasoning Guidance
Think-with-Rubrics has LLMs generate rubrics internally before responding, outperforming external rubric-as-reward baselines by 3.87 points on average across benchmarks.
-
Star Elastic: Many-in-One Reasoning LLMs with Efficient Budget Control
Star Elastic trains N nested submodels in a single post-training job on a parent reasoning LLM, supporting elastic budget control that matches or exceeds independent baselines while cutting training compute by up to 360x.
-
The Structured Output Benchmark: A Multi-Source Benchmark for Evaluating Structured Output Quality in Large Language Models
SOB benchmark shows LLMs achieve near-perfect schema compliance but value accuracy of only 83% on text, 67% on images, and 24% on audio.
-
CompliBench: Benchmarking LLM Judges for Compliance Violation Detection in Dialogue Systems
CompliBench uses simulation and adversarial flaw injection to create labeled dialogue data showing that top proprietary LLMs perform poorly at spotting guideline violations while fine-tuned smaller models outperform them and generalize to new domains.
-
Many-Tier Instruction Hierarchy in LLM Agents
ManyIH and ManyIH-Bench address instruction conflicts in LLM agents with up to 12 privilege levels across 853 tasks, revealing frontier models achieve only ~40% accuracy.
-
Generate, Filter, Control, Replay: A Comprehensive Survey of Rollout Strategies for LLM Reinforcement Learning
This survey introduces the Generate-Filter-Control-Replay (GFCR) taxonomy to structure rollout pipelines for RL-based post-training of reasoning LLMs.
-
Steerable Instruction Following Coding Data Synthesis with Actor-Parametric Schema Co-Evolution
IFCodeEvolve synthesizes coding data via actor-schema co-evolution with MCTS, boosting a 32B model's performance to match proprietary SOTA on instruction following.
-
Do as I Say, Not as I Do: Instruction-Induction Conflict in LLMs
Experiments reveal that LLMs follow instructions at rates from 1% to 99% when opposed by hardcoded conflicting patterns, with robustness tied to output diversity and alignment with model priors rather than general capability.
-
Post-Trained MoE Can Skip Half Experts via Self-Distillation
ZEDA injects zero-output experts and uses two-stage self-distillation to adapt post-trained MoE models into dynamic ones that skip over half the experts, yielding 1.2x inference speedup with small accuracy drops.
-
RLBFF: Binary Flexible Feedback to bridge between Human Feedback & Verifiable Rewards
RLBFF extracts binary principles from human feedback to train reward models that outperform Bradley-Terry models on RM-Bench and JudgeBench and enable customizable inference-time focus for LLM alignment.
-
FlashEvolve: Accelerating Agent Self-Evolution with Asynchronous Stage Orchestration
FlashEvolve accelerates LLM agent self-evolution via asynchronous stage orchestration and inspectable language-space staleness handling, reporting 3.5-4.9x proposal throughput gains over synchronous baselines on GEPA workloads.
-
SEIF: Self-Evolving Reinforcement Learning for Instruction Following
SEIF creates a self-reinforcing loop in which an LLM alternately generates increasingly difficult instructions and learns to follow them better using reinforcement learning signals from its own judgments.
-
AutoPyVerifier: Learning Compact Executable Verifiers for Large Language Model Outputs
AutoPyVerifier learns compact sets of executable Python verifiers from labeled LLM outputs via LLM synthesis and DAG search, improving objective prediction by up to 55 F1 points and downstream LLM accuracy by up to 17 points.
-
GroupDPO: Memory efficient Group-wise Direct Preference Optimization
GroupDPO decouples group-wise preference optimization during backpropagation to cut peak memory while keeping the same gradients, allowing larger groups and consistent gains over single-pair DPO plus an NLL term on positives.
-
Rubrics to Tokens: Bridging Response-level Rubrics and Token-level Rewards in Instruction Following Tasks
RTT bridges response-level rubrics to token-level rewards via a relevance discriminator and intra-sample group normalization, yielding higher instruction and rubric accuracy than baselines.
-
NVIDIA Nemotron 3: Efficient and Open Intelligence
NVIDIA releases the Nemotron 3 model family with hybrid Mamba-Transformer architecture, LatentMoE, NVFP4 training, MTP layers, and multi-environment RL post-training for reasoning and agentic tasks.
-
Qwen3.5-Omni Technical Report
Qwen3.5-Omni scales an omnimodal model to hundreds of billions of parameters with 256k context, introduces ARIA for stable speech synthesis, and reports SOTA performance on 215 audio-visual benchmarks while adding multilingual and audio-visual coding capabilities.
- OpenCompass: A Universal Evaluation Platform for Large Language Models
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- Shepherd: A Runtime Substrate Empowering Meta-Agents with a Formalized Execution Trace
- Beyond Fixed Benchmarks and Worst-Case Attacks: Dynamic Boundary Evaluation for Language Models