{"work":{"id":"f942a512-da63-4ef2-9908-11c38f0bbe80","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2141757297","doi":"10.1146/annurev-astro-082214-122316","arxiv_id":"1503.05206","raw_key":null,"title":"Powerful Outflows and Feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei","authors":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom;,"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Pounds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom;,"}]}],"authors_text":"Powerful Outflows and Feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei","year":2015,"venue":"astro-ph.GA","abstract":"Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) represent the growth phases of the supermassive black holes in the center of almost every galaxy. Powerful, highly ionized winds, with velocities $\\sim 0.1- 0.2c$ are a common feature in X--ray spectra of luminous AGN, offering a plausible physical origin for the well known connections between the hole and properties of its host. Observability constraints suggest that the winds must be episodic, and detectable only for a few percent of their lifetimes. The most powerful wind feedback, establishing the $M -\\sigma$ relation, is probably not directly observable at all. The $M - \\sigma$ relation signals a global change in the nature of AGN feedback. At black hole masses below $M-\\sigma$ feedback is confined to the immediate vicinity of the hole. At the $M-\\sigma$ mass it becomes much more energetic and widespread, and can drive away much of the bulge gas as a fast molecular outflow.","external_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.05206","cited_by_count":659,"metadata_source":"pith","metadata_fetched_at":"2026-07-10T00:46:40.076409+00:00","pith_arxiv_id":"1503.05206","created_at":"2026-05-08T18:28:56.959876+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-11T11:50:26.030339+00:00","title_quality_ok":true,"display_title":"Powerful Outflows and Feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei","render_title":"Powerful Outflows and Feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei"},"hub":{"state":{"work_id":"f942a512-da63-4ef2-9908-11c38f0bbe80","tier":"hub","tier_reason":"10+ Pith inbound or 1,000+ external citations","pith_inbound_count":26,"external_cited_by_count":659,"distinct_field_count":2,"first_pith_cited_at":"2019-02-14T19:00:00+00:00","last_pith_cited_at":"2026-07-07T22:33:16+00:00","author_build_status":"not_needed","summary_status":"needed","contexts_status":"needed","graph_status":"needed","ask_index_status":"not_needed","reader_status":"not_needed","recognition_status":"not_needed","updated_at":"2026-08-21T07:49:34.995898+00:00","tier_text":"hub"},"tier":"hub","role_counts":[{"context_role":"background","n":3}],"polarity_counts":[{"context_polarity":"background","n":3}],"runs":{},"summary":{},"graph":{},"authors":[]}}